氟化汞

氟化汞
	IUPAC名; Mercury(II) fluoride
别名	Mercuric fluoride
识别
CAS号	7783-39-3
PubChem	82209
性质
化学式	HgF2
摩尔质量	238.587 g·mol⁻¹
外观	吸湿的白色立方晶体
密度	8.95 g/cm3
熔点	645°C(918K)下分解
溶解性（水）	反应
结构
晶体结构	萤石型（立方），cF12
空间群	Fm3m, No. 225
相关物质
其他阴离子	氯化汞; 溴化汞; 碘化汞
其他阳离子	氟化亚汞; 氟化锌; 氟化镉; 氟化亚铊
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氟化汞是一种汞元素和氟元素形成无机化合物，化学式为HgF₂，它的结构为复杂的空间层型网状结构。

Quick Facts 氟化汞, 识别 ...

Close

性质

氟化汞溶于氢氟酸和稀硝酸。它在水中分解，并和水反应生成氧化汞和氢氟酸。氟化汞暴露于潮湿的空气中会变成黄色，如果长期放置可能变成红色。它与二硫化碳反应生成硫化汞和Hg(SCF₃)₂，^[3]见光易分解，因此需要黑暗的干燥箱中或在氮气等惰性气氛中进行处理。

氟化汞能与氟代乙烯发生加成反应，形成多种有机汞化合物。^[4]氟代丙烯也能发生类似的加成反应和取代反应。^[5]膦（例如三甲基膦、三乙基膦、三正丁基膦和三苯基膦）与氟化汞反应可以获得二氟代正膦：^[6]

R₃P + HgF₂ → R₃PF₂ + Hg

制法

氟化汞可由氧化汞与过量氢氟酸反应或F₂与Hg直接化合而制得。也可在270℃的温度下用氟气氟化氯化汞或氧化汞，还可使无水氟化氢与上述两种物质反应制得。^[7]

用途

氟化汞作为一种温和氟化剂，在加热时下与多种金属或非金属的氧化物或氢氧化物反应，使它们转化为氟化物。它也可用作有机物的氟化剂。^[8]氟化汞能将烃基转化为-CX₂F、-CXF₂、-CHXF、-CHF₂，少数情况下可以转化为三氟甲基。由于这种氟化剂的反应活性较弱，因此对溴代烃和碘代烃的反应效果较好，也比另一种先用作氟化剂的汞化合物氟化亚汞产率更高。^[9]

参考资料

[1]
Mercury Handbook: Chemistry, Applications and Environmental Impact. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2013 [2022-03-21]. ISBN 9781849734097. doi:10.1039/9781849735155 （英语）.
[2]
Lide, David R., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 4–69, 1998, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
[3]
Man, E. H.; Coffman, D. D.; Muetterties, E. L. Synthesis and Properties of Bis-(trifluoromethylthio)-mercury. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1959, 81 (14): 3575. doi:10.1021/ja01523a023.
[4]
Krespan, C. G. Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1960, 25: 105. doi:10.1021/jo01071a030.
[5]
Miller, William T.; Freedman, Mark B. Substitution and Addition Reactions of the Fluoroölefins. V. The Electrophilic Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoropropenes in Hydrogen Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1963, 85 (2): 180. doi:10.1021/ja00885a016.
[6]
Doxsee, Kenneth M.; Hanawalt, Erin M.; Weakley, Timothy J. R. Synthesis of difluorophosphoranes from phosphines and mercuric fluoride. Inorganic Chemistry. 1992, 31 (21): 4420. doi:10.1021/ic00047a033.
[7]
Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
[8]
Habibi, Mohammed H.; Mallouk, Thomas E. Photochemical selective fluorination of organic molecules using mercury (II) fluoride. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 1991, 51 (2): 291. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)80299-7.
[9]
Henne, Albert L.; Midgley, Thomas. Mercuric Fluoride, a New Fluorinating Agent. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1936, 58 (6): 884. doi:10.1021/ja01297a007.

[1] [1]
Mercury Handbook: Chemistry, Applications and Environmental Impact. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2013 [2022-03-21]. ISBN 9781849734097. doi:10.1039/9781849735155 （英语）.

[hand-2] [2]
Lide, David R., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 4–69, 1998, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

[3] [3]
Man, E. H.; Coffman, D. D.; Muetterties, E. L. Synthesis and Properties of Bis-(trifluoromethylthio)-mercury. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1959, 81 (14): 3575. doi:10.1021/ja01523a023.

[4] [4]
Krespan, C. G. Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoroethylenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1960, 25: 105. doi:10.1021/jo01071a030.

[5] [5]
Miller, William T.; Freedman, Mark B. Substitution and Addition Reactions of the Fluoroölefins. V. The Electrophilic Addition of Mercuric Fluoride to Fluoropropenes in Hydrogen Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1963, 85 (2): 180. doi:10.1021/ja00885a016.

[6] [6]
Doxsee, Kenneth M.; Hanawalt, Erin M.; Weakley, Timothy J. R. Synthesis of difluorophosphoranes from phosphines and mercuric fluoride. Inorganic Chemistry. 1992, 31 (21): 4420. doi:10.1021/ic00047a033.

[7] [7]
Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.

[8] [8]
Habibi, Mohammed H.; Mallouk, Thomas E. Photochemical selective fluorination of organic molecules using mercury (II) fluoride. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 1991, 51 (2): 291. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)80299-7.

[9] [9]
Henne, Albert L.; Midgley, Thomas. Mercuric Fluoride, a New Fluorinating Agent. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1936, 58 (6): 884. doi:10.1021/ja01297a007.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]