虽然可在生物学的许多子领域内进行入侵物种的研究,但大多数都放在生态学和地理学的领域,这两个领域的生物入侵问题特别重要。针对入侵物种的研究,多数都受到英国生物学家查尔斯·艾尔顿在1958年出版的《动植物入侵生态学(The Ecology of Invasion by Animals and Plants)》的影响,该书利用在不同领域内进行的有限研究来创建生物入侵的概况。[18][19]在1990年代之前对入侵物种的研究仍然很少,之后才开始大量增长,且持续到今日。[19]这项研究主要是经实地观察完成,绝大多数是针对陆生植物。[19]在此领域的快速发展,推动在用来描述入侵物种和事件用语作标准化的需求。纵然如此,对入侵物种研究仍少有标准术语学,在这类物种的本身没任何官方名称,通常就称为“入侵生态学”,或更普遍称为“入侵生物学”。[18][19]缺乏标准术语是个严重的问题,主要是由于此领域具有跨学科性质,而借用农业、动物学和病理学等众多学科的术语,以及对入侵物种的研究通常是单独各自进行的缘故。通常入侵物种会茁壮成长,是因为在新地点并无捕食者存在。许多入侵物种正在破坏本土植物和动物的自然栖息地。[20][18]
进入纽西兰的首个入侵物种是由波利尼西亚定居者在公元1300年左右引入的狗和老鼠。[34][35]后来由欧洲人带来的猫对当地的鸟类造成毁灭性的影响,特别是许多当地的鸟类不会飞行。兔子在1800年代被水手引入,当作食物来源,如今已成为当地农民的严重困扰(尤其是在南岛)。荆豆属最初是种原产于西欧的树篱植物,被引入纽西兰做同样的用途,但因生长迅速,会毁掉该国大部分的本土植物,因此经常须做根除。当地原生森林受到来自北美洲和欧洲的几种鹿以及澳大利亚负鼠(英语:Common brushtail possum in New Zealand)的严重影响。这些外来物种都在纽西兰的环境中繁衍发展。
野火经常发生在偏远地区,消防人员须穿越原始森林才能抵达现场,而可能会随身携带入侵种子进入。如果这些偷渡种子中的任何一个能站稳脚步,可能会在短短6周内就成长为一个入侵者群体,之后会需要人类多年的持续关注以防止其进一步扩展。此外,破坏土壤表面(例如构筑防火道)会破坏原生覆盖物、暴露土壤并会加速入侵。在郊区和森林-城镇交界域,市政当局为设立防火空间(英语:Defensible space (fire control))而订立的植被清除和灌木清除条例,可能会导致过度清除本地灌木和多年生植物,让土壤暴露于更多日照,把对入侵植物物种的竞争能力降低。[83][84]
网蛱蝶族在入侵长叶车前叶上产卵有其益处。这种植物的叶子保持绿色的时间足以让蝶类的毛虫在干燥的夏季生存,由于气候变化导致夏季变得有点干燥,当初这些毛虫常吃的本地植物已枯萎,让多数毛虫饿死或干死。由于长叶车前具有生存差异,蝴蝶开始喜欢在其叶上产卵:这样产卵的比例从1984年的不到3分之1,上升到1987年的4分之3。几年后,所有此种蝶类的产卵都在发生在长叶车前的叶子上。被美国联邦列为濒临灭绝的泰勒网蛱蝶族(Euphydryas editha taylori),对长叶车前的依赖程度之高,以至于自然资源保护主义者正积极在野外种植这类植物。为维持蝴蝶种群的数目,美国华盛顿州Mission Creek妇女矫正中心(Mission Creek Corrections Center for Women)的囚犯先在温室内培育网蛱蝶族,日后再将其释放到前述的新栖息地。这种积极鼓励外来植物的做法正在帮助保护备受喜爱的本地昆虫,是种看来特异的做法。 [142]
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