穆萨·伊本·仪姆兰(阿拉伯语:مُوسَىٰ ابن عمران,罗马化:Mūsā ibn ʿimrān;犹太基督神学中被称作摩西,天主教根据拉丁文译为梅瑟,大唐景教译为牟世法王)是伊斯兰教中的一位先知与使者。穆斯林常将穆萨称为“穆萨卡利姆拉”(阿拉伯语:مُوسَىٰ كليم الله,罗马化:Mūsā Kalīmullāh,直译:穆萨——与神沟通之人)。穆萨于公元前十三世纪带领以色列人跨过红海,并揭示了亚伯拉罕诸教皆尊崇的圣书《讨拉特》。《古兰经》中说穆萨是神派给埃及法老、他的机构以及以色列人的,以起到指引和警示的作用。穆萨是《古兰经》中最常被提及的个人,他的名字被提及136次,而他的人生经历也比其他先知的故事被叙述得更完整且详细。根据伊斯兰教,所有穆斯林必须信仰每一位先知(nabi)和使者(rasul),这包括了穆萨和他的兄弟哈伦(亚伦)、阿丹(亚当)、努哈(诺亚)、易卜拉欣(亚伯拉罕)和尔撒(耶稣)。《古兰经》写道:
另外,穆萨生前曾表明想要与兄弟哈伦在死后分开,许多以色列人认为是穆萨在山上杀了哈伦以致他们被分开。然而,根据塔巴里(Al-Tabari)的叙述,哈伦死于自然原因:“当他们[穆萨和哈伦]入睡后,死亡带走了哈伦...当他死去的时候,房子被带走,树木消失了,床被升至天堂。”当穆萨从山上独自回到他的追随者——以色列的子孙的身边时,他们声称穆萨杀了哈伦因为他们觉得穆萨嫉妒哈伦更受他们欢迎,因为哈伦更加能够容忍他们。这样的说法其实可信度很强,因为这样确实能够保证他们兄弟俩在死后分开,就像穆萨向神祈祷的一样。但是穆萨还是试图挽救这些追随者们对他的信任,塔巴里引用了穆萨的原话:“他是我的兄弟。你们觉得我会杀他吗?”Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam(《较简短的伊斯兰教百科全书》)一书中提到穆萨背诵了两段拉卡阿(rakaʿāt),包括形容跪姿和背诵经文的穆斯林祷告文,来重新博取追随者们的信任。神应答了穆萨的祷告,将已升天的哈伦的床重新由天堂降至人间,以使以色列人能见证哈伦确实是因自然原因死亡的。
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