牡蛎属（学名：Ostrea）是牡蛎目牡蛎科之下的一个海洋双壳纲软体动物的属[1]，其物种均可食用。
化石纪录
本属物种的历史非常悠久：其化石纪录最远可追溯至二叠纪到第四纪期间（2.59亿年前至现在），而且遍布全世界。 现时本属之下有约150个化石种[2][3]。
历史
当中加州太平洋海岸进行考古学发掘之时，至少有一个本属物种（当中包括Ostrea lurida）的化石被发掘出来。这表明了早期的美国原住民丘马什人以这些物种为其食物来源[4]。
物种
过往本属物种最高曾多达400个，但现时绝大多数均已被分到不同的属去。截至2018年7月4日[update]，WoRMS纪录的物种计有[2][1]：
- Ostrea angelica Rochebrune, 1895
- Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 †
- Ostrea atherstonei Newton, 1913
- Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1844
- Ostrea circumpicta Pilsbry, 1904
- Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857
- 密鳞牡蛎 Ostrea denselamellosa (Lischke, 1869)：又名拖鞋牡蛎。
- Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
- Ostrea futamiensis Seki, 1929
- Ostrea libella Weisbord, 1964
- Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
- †Ostrea margaritae Pilsbry, 1918
- Ostrea megodon Hanley, 1846
- Ostrea oleomargarita Oliver, Salvi, and Al-Kandari [5]
- Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny, 1842
- Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826
- †Ostrea tatei Suter, 1913
- †Ostrea waitangiensis Marwick, 1928
- 异名
- †Ostrea albertensis Russell & Landes, 1937
- Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1846
- †Ostrea angulata Sowerby, 1840
- †Ostrea angusta Deshayes, 1824
- †Ostrea anomialis Lamarck, 1819
- †Ostrea antarctica Zinsmeister, 1984
- †Ostrea arenicola Tate, 1886
- Ostrea aupouria Dinamani, 1981
- †Ostrea beloiti Logan, 1899
- †Ostrea bicolor Hanley, 1854
- †Ostrea blackensis Stephenson, 1923
- †Ostrea brongniarti Bronn, 1856
- Ostrea californica Mareon, 1858
- †Ostrea carolinensis Conrad, 1832
- †Ostrea castellobrancoi Maury 1936
- †Ostrea cochlear Poli, 1795
- †Ostrea compressirostra Say, 1824
- †Ostrea costaricensis Olsson, 1922
- 缘齿牡蛎 Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871[6]:82：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)[7][8]。
- Ostrea crenulimarginata Gabb, 1860
- Ostrea cristata Born, 1778
- †Ostrea cubitus Deshayes, 1832
- Ostrea cumingiana Dunker, 1846
- †Ostrea cynthiae Maury, 1912
- †Ostrea democraciana Hodson et al., 1927
- †Ostrea dorsalis Azzaroli, 1958
- Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster
- 棘刺牡蛎 Ostrea echinata
- †Ostrea edwilsoni Stoyanow, 1949
- †Ostrea eorivularis Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
- Ostrea equestris (Say, 1834)- Crested oyster
- Ostrea erici Hertlein, 1929
- Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus, 1758
- 叶片牡蛎 Ostrea folium [6]:82：又名薄片牡蛎，今作Dendostrea folium。
- †Ostrea forskali Chemnitz, 1785
- †Ostrea fraasi Mayer-Eymar, 1888
- †Ostrea frondosa de Serres, 1829
- †Ostrea gajensis Vredenburg, 1928
- †Ostrea gingensis Schlotheim, 1813
- Ostrea glabra Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea golfotristensis Maury 1912
- †Ostrea haleyi Hertlein, 1933
- †Ostrea hippopus Tate, 1886
- 舌骨牡蛎 Ostrea hyotis [6]:82
- †Ostrea hyotidoidea Tate, 1899
- †Ostrea imbricata Lamarck, 1819
- †Ostrea incisa Martin, 1883
- †Ostrea invalida White, 1887
- Ostrea iridescens Gray, 1854
- †Ostrea jogjacartensis Martin, 1914
- †Ostrea khamirensis Cox, 1936
- †Ostrea latimarginata Vredenburg, 1908
- †Ostrea longirostris Lamarck, 1806
- †Ostrea ludensis Deshayes, 1861
- †Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1885
- Ostrea maculosa Forskål, 1775
- †Ostrea manubriata Tate, 1887
- †Ostrea marginidentata Wood, 1861
- †Ostrea matercula de Verneuil, 1845
- †Ostrea mauricensis Gabb, 1860
- †Ostrea mesenterica Morton, 1834
- †Ostrea messor Maury, 1925
- †Ostrea minbuensis Cotter, 1923
- †Ostrea minerensis Russell & Landes, 1937
- Ostrea minuta Linnaeus, 1758
- Ostrea miradorensis Olsson, 1931
- †Ostrea monetalis Martin, 1931
- 咬齿牡蛎 Ostrea mordax ：今作黑齿牡蛎
- †Ostrea negritensis Olsson, 1928
- †Ostrea normali Gardner, 1926
- Ostrea obliterata Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea pangadiensis Hislop, 1859
- †Ostrea paracasensis Rivera, 1957
- †Ostrea parasitica Gmelin, 1791
- †Ostrea paroxis Lesueur, 1829
- †Ostrea parrensis Vega et al., 1999
- †Ostrea pejerreyensis Rivera, 1957
- Ostrea pellucens Linnaeus, 1758
- Ostrea pesfelis Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea petrosa Fuchs, 1879
- †Ostrea peytoni Richards, 1947
- †Ostrea pileosimilis Martin, 1931
- Ostrea plicatula Gmelin, 1791
- †Ostrea portoricoensis Hubbard, 1920
- †Ostrea princeps Woods, 1850
- †Ostrea procyonis Maury, 1924
- †Ostrea prona Wood, 1861
- †Ostrea protoimbricata Vredenburg, 1928
- †Ostrea pseudocrassissima Fuchs, 1878
- †Ostrea pseudodigitalina Fuchs, 1879
- †Ostrea pseudorissensis Vredenburg, 1928
- †Ostrea pulaskensis Harris, 1892
- Ostrea radula Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea raveneliana Tuomey & Holmes, 1855
- †Ostrea resupinata Deshayes, 1858
- Ostrea retusa Sowerby, 1871
- †Ostrea russelli Russell & Landes, 1937
- †Ostrea samanensis Olsson, 1928
- Ostrea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea saxitoniana McLearn, 1929
- †Ostrea seymourensis Zinsmeister, 1984
- †Ostrea soleniscus Meek, 1893
- Ostrea striatula Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea sturtiana Tate, 1886
- †Ostrea subangulata d'Orbigny, 1852
- †Ostrea submissa Deshayes, 1864
- †Ostrea subradiosa Bohm, 1926
- Ostrea superficialis Forskål, 1775
- †Ostrea tacalensis Hodson et al., 1927
- †Ostrea tayloriana Gabb, 1866
- †Ostrea thalassoklusta Maury, 1912
- 大连湾牡蛎 Ostrea talienwhanensis
- Ostrea tridacnaeformis Cox, 1927
- †Ostrea turkestanensis Romanovski, 1880
- †Ostrea uncinta Lamarck, 1806
- †Ostrea ungulata Nyst, 1843
- †Ostrea ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826
- †Ostrea vestita Fuchs, 1883
- †Ostrea wiedenmayeri Hodson et al., 1927
- †Ostrea wollastoni Finlay, 1927
参考文献
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