2004年2月6日,《科学》杂志报导了两支队伍,英国国家医学研究院(National Institute for Medical Research)和美国斯克利普斯研究院(Scripps Research Institute),重建了1918流感的红血球凝集素(hemagglutinin;HA 糖蛋白),并从中了解该蛋白分子如何改变形状来允许其从鸟类移到人类身上。
1918年,中国从南到北多个地区都爆发了疫情。1918年5月,温州有万余人感染流感。6月,在广东学校、邮政局雇员中首先发现了流感病人,紧接着,精神病院、神学院等地方也陆续发生流感。7月,云南个旧突然暴发疫情,而且十分严重,绝大多数居民都患了病,其它地方的疫情也相继暴发。北京疫情“传染甚速”,上海死亡400多人。疫情严重时,浙江绍兴死亡人数高达10%,当时报载:“一村之中十室九家,一家之人,十人九死,贫苦之户最居多数,哭声相应,惨不忍闻。”棺木所售一空,“枕尸待装不知其数”[77]。在中国,死亡人数的估计差异很大[78][58],这现象反映了由于军阀时期而缺乏收集健康数据。帕特森和派尔(Pyle and Pyle)于1991年对中国的死亡人数进行了首次估计,估计中国的死亡人数在500到900万之间。然而这项1991年的研究后来因方法有缺陷而遭到后来的研究批评,而新的研究则发表中国的死亡率远低许多的估计[45][78][79]。例如,饭岛涉于1998年根据中国港口城市提供的有效资料,估计中国的死亡人数在100到128万之间[78]。正如饭岛涉所指出的[80]:
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