缨小蜂科(Mymaridae)也被称为仙女蜂科(fairy wasp或fairyfly)，是小蜂总科下的一个科，遍布世界温带和热带区域。缨小蜂科包含100个属和1400个物种。
体型
同大多是小蜂总科的生物一样，缨小蜂科的昆虫都十分微小，通常只有0.5至1.0 mm（0.020至0.039英寸）长。 缨小蜂科包含目前已知的最小昆虫，体长只有0.139 mm（0.0055英寸）。最小的飞虫也属于缨小蜂科，体长为0.15 mm（0.0059英寸）。缨小蜂科通常为黑色、棕色或黄色。雌性触角明显地呈片段型的倾斜，而雄性触角则是线状的。它们的翅膀一般是细长的，具有长鬃毛，看起来呈羽毛状，但也有的物种拥有很短的翅膀或完全没有翅膀。通过头部缝线的H形图案可以区别缨小蜂科与其他小蜂总科生物。
特性
缨小蜂科是小蜂总科下最常见的一个科，但它们由于体型十分微小所以难以被人注意到。它们的一生十分短暂，通常只有几天。所有的缨小蜂科生物都是拟寄生物，它们寄生在其他昆虫的卵里面，很多物种都已被成功地用来做生物防治。
缨小蜂科的化石来源于早期白垩纪的阿尔布期。它们是目前已知的唯一来源于白垩纪的小蜂总科生物，因此它们被认为是最原始的小蜂总科生物。
分类
缨小蜂科最初由爱尔兰昆虫学家亚力山大·亨利·哈利迪于1833年创立。哈利迪的两位亲密朋友约翰·柯蒂斯和弗朗西斯·沃克，也是受人尊敬的昆虫学家，他们在19世纪早期的膜翅目昆虫研究中具有很深的影响力。[1][2]
属
有 † 标志的为已经灭绝的属
- Acanthomymar Subba Rao, 1970
- Acmopolynema Ogloblin, 1946
- Acmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Agalmopolynema Ogloblin, 1960
- Alaptus Ferrière, 1930
- Allanagrus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Allarescon Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Anagroidea Girault, 1915
- Anagrus Haliday, 1833
- Anaphes Haliday, 1833
- Anneckia Subba Rao, 1970
- Apoxypteron Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Arescon Walker, 1846
- Australomymar Girault, 1929
- Baburia Hedqvist, 2004
- Bakkendorfia Mathot, 1966
- Boccacciomymar Triapitysn & Berezovskiy, 2007
- Borneomymar Huber, 2002
- Boudiennyia Girault, 1937
- Bruchomymar Ogloblin, 1939
- Caenomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
- Callodicopus Ogloblin, 1955
- Camptoptera Förster, 1856
- Camptopteroides Viggiani, 1974
- Caraphractus Walker, 1846
- Ceratanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Chaetomymar Ogloblin, 1946
- Chrysoctonus Mathot, 1966
- Cleruchoides Lin & Huber, 2007
- Cleruchus Enock, 1909
- Cnecomymar Ogloblin, 1963
- Cremnomymar Ogloblin, 1952
- Cybomymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Dicopomorpha Ogloblin, 1955
- Dicopus Enock, 1909
- Dorya Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Entrichopteris Yoshimoto, 1990
- Eofoersteria Mathot, 1966
- Erdosiella Soyka, 1956
- Erythmelus Enock, 1909
- Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972
- Eucleruchus Ogloblin, 1940
- Eustochomorpha Girault, 1915
- Eustochus Haliday, 1833
- Formicomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
- Gahanopsis Ogloblin, 1946
- Ganomymar De Santis, 1972
- Gonatocerus Nees, 1834
- Haplochaeta Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Himopolynema Taguchi, 1977
- Idiocentrus Gahan, 1927
- Ischiodasys Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Kalopolynema Ogloblin, 1960
- Kikiki Huber & Beardsley, 2000
- Kompsomymar Lin & Huber, 2007
- Krokella Huber, 1993
- Kubja Subba Rao, 1984
- Litus Haliday, 1833
- Macrocamptoptera Girault, 1910
- Malfattia Meunier, 1901
- Mimalaptus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Mymar Curtis, 1829
- Mymarilla Westwood, 1879
- Myrmecomymar Yoshimoto, 1990
- Narayanella Subba Rao, 1976
- Neolitus Ogloblin, 1935
- Neomymar Crawford, 1913
- Neostethynium Ogloblin, 1964
- Neserythmelus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Nesomymar Valentine, 1971
- Nesopatasson Valentine, 1971
- Notomymar Doutt & Yoshimoto, 1970
- Omyomymar Schauff, 1983
- Ooctonus Haliday, 1833
- Palaeoneura Waterhouse, 1915
- Palaeopatasson Witsack, 1986
- Paracmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Paranaphoidea Girault, 1913
- Parapolynema Fidalgo, 1982
- Parastethynium Lin & Huber in Lin, Huber & La Salle, 2007
- Platyfrons Yoshimoto, 1990
- Platypolynema Ogloblin, 1960
- Platystethynium Ogloblin, 1946
- Polynema Haliday, 1833
- Polynemoidea Girault, 1913
- Polynemula Ogloblin, 1967
- Prionaphes Hincks, 1961
- Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Pseudocleruchus Donev & Huber, 2002
- Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt, 1961
- Restisoma Yoshimoto, 1990
- Richteria Girault, 1920
- Schizophragma Ogloblin, 1949
- Scleromymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Steganogaster Noyes & Valentine, 1989
- Stephanocampta Mathot, 1966
- Stephanodes Enock, 1909
- Stethynium Enock, 1909
- Tanyostethium Yoshimoto, 1990
- Tetrapolynema Ogloblin, 1946
- Tinkerbella Huber & Noyes, 2013
- Zelanaphes Noyes & Valentine, 1989
这些是已经灭绝的属，通过分析其化石从而被归类于缨小蜂科:[5][6]
- †Carpenteriana Yoshimoto, 1975
- †Enneagmus Yoshimoto, 1975
- †Eoanaphes Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011
- †Eoeustochus Huber in Huber & Greenwalt, 2011
- †Macalpinia Yoshimoto, 1975
- †Myanmymar Huber in Huber & Poinar, 2011
- †Triadomerus Yoshimoto, 1975
参见
参考
外部链接
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