牡蛎属

牡蛎属（学名：Ostrea）是牡蛎目牡蛎科之下的一个海洋双壳纲软体动物的属^[1]，其物种均可食用。

Fossil valves of Ostrea forskali from Pliocene of Italy

牡蛎属 化石时期：二叠纪 - 现在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
A lower valve（英语：valve (mollusc)） (the attachment valve) of a shell（英语：bivalve shell） of Ostrea edulis（英语：Ostrea edulis）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	双壳纲 Bivalvia
目：	牡蛎目 Ostreida
科：	牡蛎科 Ostreidae
亚科：	牡蛎亚科 Ostreinae
属：	牡蛎属 Ostrea (Linnaeus, 1758)
物种
见内文

化石纪录

本属物种的历史非常悠久：其化石纪录最远可追溯至二叠纪到第四纪期间（2.59亿年前至现在），而且遍布全世界。 现时本属之下有约150个化石种^[2][3]。

历史

当中加州（英语：Central California）太平洋海岸进行考古学发掘之时，至少有一个本属物种（当中包括Ostrea lurida（英语：Ostrea lurida））的化石被发掘出来。这表明了早期的美国原住民丘马什人以这些物种为其食物来源^[4]。

物种

过往本属物种最高曾多达400个，但现时绝大多数均已被分到不同的属去。截至2018年7月4日 (2018-07-04)^[update]，WoRMS纪录的物种计有^[2][1]：

• Ostrea angelica Rochebrune, 1895
• Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 †
• Ostrea atherstonei Newton, 1913
• Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1844
• Ostrea circumpicta Pilsbry, 1904
• Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857
• 密鳞牡蛎 Ostrea denselamellosa (Lischke（英语：Karl Emil Lischke）, 1869)：又名拖鞋牡蛎。
• Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
• Ostrea futamiensis Seki, 1929
• Ostrea libella Weisbord, 1964
• Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
• †Ostrea margaritae Pilsbry, 1918
• Ostrea megodon Hanley, 1846
• Ostrea oleomargarita Oliver, Salvi, and Al-Kandari ^[5]
• Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny, 1842
• Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826
• †Ostrea tatei Suter, 1913
• †Ostrea waitangiensis Marwick, 1928

异名

• †Ostrea albertensis Russell & Landes, 1937
• Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1846
• †Ostrea angulata Sowerby, 1840
• †Ostrea angusta Deshayes, 1824
• †Ostrea anomialis Lamarck, 1819
• †Ostrea antarctica Zinsmeister, 1984
• †Ostrea arenicola Tate, 1886
• Ostrea aupouria Dinamani, 1981
• †Ostrea beloiti Logan, 1899
• †Ostrea bicolor Hanley, 1854
• †Ostrea blackensis Stephenson, 1923
• †Ostrea brongniarti Bronn, 1856
• Ostrea californica Mareon, 1858
• †Ostrea carolinensis Conrad, 1832
• †Ostrea castellobrancoi Maury 1936
• †Ostrea cochlear Poli, 1795
• †Ostrea compressirostra Say, 1824
• †Ostrea costaricensis Olsson, 1922
• 缘齿牡蛎 Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871^[6]:82：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)^[7][8]。
• Ostrea crenulimarginata Gabb, 1860
• Ostrea cristata Born, 1778
• †Ostrea cubitus Deshayes, 1832
• Ostrea cumingiana Dunker, 1846
• †Ostrea cynthiae Maury, 1912
• †Ostrea democraciana Hodson et al., 1927
• †Ostrea dorsalis Azzaroli, 1958
• Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster（英语：Belon oyster）
• 棘刺牡蛎 Ostrea echinata
• †Ostrea edwilsoni Stoyanow, 1949
• †Ostrea eorivularis Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
• Ostrea equestris (Say（英语：Thomas Say）, 1834)- Crested oyster（英语：Crested oyster）
• Ostrea erici Hertlein, 1929
• Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus, 1758
• 叶片牡蛎 Ostrea folium ^[6]:82：又名薄片牡蛎，今作Dendostrea folium。
• †Ostrea forskali Chemnitz, 1785
• †Ostrea fraasi Mayer-Eymar, 1888
• †Ostrea frondosa de Serres, 1829
• †Ostrea gajensis Vredenburg, 1928
• †Ostrea gingensis Schlotheim, 1813
• Ostrea glabra Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea golfotristensis Maury 1912
• †Ostrea haleyi Hertlein, 1933
• †Ostrea hippopus Tate, 1886
• 舌骨牡蛎 Ostrea hyotis ^[6]:82
• †Ostrea hyotidoidea Tate, 1899
• †Ostrea imbricata Lamarck, 1819
• †Ostrea incisa Martin, 1883
• †Ostrea invalida White, 1887
• Ostrea iridescens Gray, 1854
• †Ostrea jogjacartensis Martin, 1914
• †Ostrea khamirensis Cox, 1936
• †Ostrea latimarginata Vredenburg, 1908
• †Ostrea longirostris Lamarck, 1806
• †Ostrea ludensis Deshayes, 1861
• †Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1885
• Ostrea maculosa Forskål, 1775
• †Ostrea manubriata Tate, 1887
• †Ostrea marginidentata Wood, 1861
• †Ostrea matercula de Verneuil, 1845
• †Ostrea mauricensis Gabb, 1860
• †Ostrea mesenterica Morton, 1834
• †Ostrea messor Maury, 1925
• †Ostrea minbuensis Cotter, 1923
• †Ostrea minerensis Russell & Landes, 1937
• Ostrea minuta Linnaeus, 1758
• Ostrea miradorensis Olsson, 1931
• †Ostrea monetalis Martin, 1931
• 咬齿牡蛎 Ostrea mordax ：今作黑齿牡蛎
• †Ostrea negritensis Olsson, 1928
• †Ostrea normali Gardner, 1926
• Ostrea obliterata Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea pangadiensis Hislop, 1859
• †Ostrea paracasensis Rivera, 1957
• †Ostrea parasitica Gmelin, 1791
• †Ostrea paroxis Lesueur, 1829
• †Ostrea parrensis Vega et al., 1999
• †Ostrea pejerreyensis Rivera, 1957
• Ostrea pellucens Linnaeus, 1758
• Ostrea pesfelis Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea petrosa Fuchs, 1879
• †Ostrea peytoni Richards, 1947
• †Ostrea pileosimilis Martin, 1931
• Ostrea plicatula Gmelin, 1791
• †Ostrea portoricoensis Hubbard, 1920
• †Ostrea princeps Woods, 1850
• †Ostrea procyonis Maury, 1924
• †Ostrea prona Wood, 1861
• †Ostrea protoimbricata Vredenburg, 1928
• †Ostrea pseudocrassissima Fuchs, 1878
• †Ostrea pseudodigitalina Fuchs, 1879
• †Ostrea pseudorissensis Vredenburg, 1928
• †Ostrea pulaskensis Harris, 1892
• Ostrea radula Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea raveneliana Tuomey & Holmes, 1855
• †Ostrea resupinata Deshayes, 1858
• Ostrea retusa Sowerby, 1871
• †Ostrea russelli Russell & Landes, 1937
• †Ostrea samanensis Olsson, 1928
• Ostrea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea saxitoniana McLearn, 1929
• †Ostrea seymourensis Zinsmeister, 1984
• †Ostrea soleniscus Meek, 1893
• Ostrea striatula Linnaeus, 1758
• †Ostrea sturtiana Tate, 1886
• †Ostrea subangulata d'Orbigny, 1852
• †Ostrea submissa Deshayes, 1864
• †Ostrea subradiosa Bohm, 1926
• Ostrea superficialis Forskål, 1775
• †Ostrea tacalensis Hodson et al., 1927
• †Ostrea tayloriana Gabb, 1866
• †Ostrea thalassoklusta Maury, 1912
• 大连湾牡蛎 Ostrea talienwhanensis
• Ostrea tridacnaeformis Cox, 1927
• †Ostrea turkestanensis Romanovski, 1880
• †Ostrea uncinta Lamarck, 1806
• †Ostrea ungulata Nyst, 1843
• †Ostrea ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826
• †Ostrea vestita Fuchs, 1883
• †Ostrea wiedenmayeri Hodson et al., 1927
• †Ostrea wollastoni Finlay, 1927

参考文献

1. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.
2. Ostrea. Paleobiology Database.
3. J.D. Dana (1996)
4. C.M. Hogan, 2008
5. Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2022. Cryptic Marine Diversity in the Northern Arabian Gulf: An Integrative Approach Uncovers a New Species of Oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975
   Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2023. Corrigendum: Salvi D, Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Berrilli E, Garzia M. 2022. Cryptic marine diversity in the northern Arabian Gulf: an integrative approach uncovers a new species of oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975. ZooKeys. 1143: 89-92. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1143.100087
6. 郑成兴; 黄宗国; 张良兴; 李传燕; 李福荣. 琅玡灣附着生物和鑽孔生物的初步研究. 海洋学报. 1984, 6 (1): 81–89 [2018-07-04]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-04） （中文（简体））.
7. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.
8. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871). MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.

• James Dwight Dana (1996) Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, American Book Co., 1088 pages
• C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

外部链接

• 维基物种上的相关信息：牡蛎属