奥氏栉龙属

奥氏栉龙属（属名：Augustynolophus）是一属栉龙亚科的鸭嘴龙科恐龙，发现于加州的莫雷诺组（英语：Moreno Formation）（Moreno Formation），^[1]年代为马斯特里赫特阶，使它成为白垩纪-古近纪灭绝事件前最后存在的恐龙。^[2]

此条目页的主题是独立的属奥氏栉龙属（Augustynolophus）。关于栉龙属的模式种奥氏栉龙（Saurolophus osborni），请见“栉龙属”。

奥氏栉龙属 化石时期：白垩纪晚期，70–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
正模标本的头骨
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目：	恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目：	†鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目：	†鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科：	†鸭嘴龙科 Hadrosauridae
亚科：	†栉龙亚科 Saurolophinae
属：	†奥氏栉龙属 Augustynolophus Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
模式种
†莫氏奥氏栉龙 Augustynolophus morrisi Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
异名
莫氏栉龙 Saurolophus morrisi (Prieto-Márquez, 2013)

发现历史

胸部和肢体材料

属名纪念赞助洛杉矶博物馆的奥古斯汀（Augustyn）家族，加上字尾-lophus意指它和栉龙的关系，种名纪念古生物学家威廉·莫里斯（William Morris）^[3]，最初被叙述成栉龙的一个种：莫氏栉龙（Saurolophus morrisi）^[4][5]，然而在经过更深入的研究后，发现它在颅骨结构上与栉龙族的其他物种：奥氏栉龙^[6][7][8]、窄吻栉龙^[9][10]、巨原栉龙有很大差异，足以自成一属。^[11]

所有已知的奥氏栉龙标本发现都局限于加州，该州属于拉腊米迪亚古陆的一部分，是世界著名的恐龙化石点之一。^[12]目前有两个已知的奥氏栉龙标本：正模标本LACM / CIT 2852出土于1943年，由大部分头骨（包含齿骨和前齿骨）、脊椎、四肢和手部组成；第二具标本LACM / CIT 2760发现于1939年，由头骨和四肢组成。根据较小的体型，推测可能是青少年个体。^[5][13]这是来自美国西海岸的三种已知的恐龙之一，另外两种分别是坎潘阶的漂泊甲龙^[14]、和来自华盛顿州的未叙述暴龙科^[15]。但在加州和邻近地区也发现了未定的鸭嘴龙类遗骸。^[16][17]

2017年9月，奥氏栉龙被指定为加州的州恐龙。^[18]

叙述

生命复原与体型比例

如同所有鸭嘴龙类，奥氏栉龙是植食性恐龙，并有特化于咀嚼食物的齿系。^[19]

古生态学

脸部和下颌材料

拉腊米迪亚海岸省份的恐龙所知甚少^[20]，如同西部内陆海道对面阿帕拉契亚古陆（英语：Appalachia (landmass)）的情况。美西拥有丰富的化石发现和历史，最著名的例子有地狱溪组（Hell Creek Formation）及双麦迪逊组（英语：Two Medicine Formation）（Two Medicine Formation）。^[21]然而美西海岸和阿帕拉契亚一样，陆生动物（主要是恐龙）并未被妥善的研究也不知名。

尽管加州恐龙罕见的事实，但莫雷诺组是加州研究最深入的中生代地层之一，并以大量海相化石闻名^{[22][23][24][25]}。与奥氏栉龙生活于同一地区的生物包括了龟、沧龙、蛇颈龙及辐鳍鱼类^[26]。其中生活于莫雷诺组的龟包括王龟属（英语：Basilemys）及甲尾龟属（英语：Osteopygis）^[27]；沧龙类包括倾齿龙属、大洋龙属、近瘤龙属及浮龙属^[28]；蛇颈龙包括费雷斯诺龙属、莫雷诺龙属（英语：Morenosaurus）、海泡龙属及水怪龙属^[29][30][31]；辐鳍鱼类则包括邦鱼属及蜥齿鱼属（英语：Saurodon）^[32]。

参考资料

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3. Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Bell, Phil R.; Chiappe, Luis M. The late-surviving 'duck-billed' dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini. Geological Magazine. 2014, 152 (2): 225–241. Bibcode:2015GeoM..152..225P. doi:10.1017/S0016756814000284.
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