![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/langtum-640px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png&w=640&q=50)
Rwanda
charu mu Afilika / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rwanda (/ruˈɑːndə, -ˈæn-/ (pulikizgani machemelo); Kinyarwanda: u Rwanda [u.ɾɡwaː.nda] (
pulikizgani machemelo)), mwalamulo, Charu cha Rwanda,[9]ntcharu icho chili ku chigaŵa cha Great Rift Valley ku Central Africa, uko chigaŵa cha African Great Lakes chikukumana na kumwera kwa Africa. Charu cha Rwanda chili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Equator, ndipo chili kufupi na Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, na Democratic Republic of Congo. Charu ichi chili pachanya chomene, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakucichema kuti "charu cha tumapiri 1,000". Mu charu ichi muli mphepo yakuzizima chomene, ndipo chaka chilichose kukuŵa nyengo ziŵiri za vula na nyengo ziŵiri za chilangalanga. Charu ichi ndicho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu Africa. Msumba wake ukuru ni Kigali.
Charu cha Rwanda Repubulika y'u Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) République du Rwanda (French) Jamhuri ya Rwanda (Swahili) |
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Chiluso: "Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu" (English: "Unity, Work, Patriotism") (French: "Unité, Travail, Patriotisme") (Swahili: "Umoja, Kazi, Uzalendo") |
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Nyimbo: "Rwanda Nziza" (English: "Beautiful Rwanda") |
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Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Kigali | |||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma |
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Mitundu ya Ŵanthu |
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Vipembezo |
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Mwenecharu |
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Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian government[3][4] | |||||
- | President | Paul Kagame | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Édouard Ngirente | ||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||
- | Lower house | Chamber of Deputies | ||||
Formation | ||||||
- | Kingdom of Rwanda | 15th century | ||||
- | Part of German East Africa | 1897–1916 | ||||
- | Part of Ruanda-Urundi | 1916–1962 | ||||
- | Rwandan Revolution | 1959–1961 | ||||
- | Republic declared | 1 July 1961 | ||||
- | Independence from Belgium | 1 July 1962 | ||||
- | Admitted to the UN | 18 September 1962 | ||||
- | Current constitution | 26 May 2003 | ||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
- | Malo | 26,338 km2 (144th) 10,169 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 5.3 | ||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
- | 2022 census | 13,246,394[5] | ||||
- | Density | 470/km2 (22nd) 1,217/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | |||||
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GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | |||||
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Gini (2016) | 43.7[7] medium |
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HDI (2021) | ![]() low ·165th |
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Ndalama | Rwandan franc (RWF ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | CAT (UTC+2) | |||||
Woko la galimoto | right | |||||
Intaneti yacharu | .rw |
Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa awo ŵakalondezganga ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kuzgoka mafuko, ndipo pamanyuma ŵakazgoka maufumu. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, ufumu unyake uwo ukalongozgekanga na Themba Gihanga, ukakolerana na vigaŵa vinyake ivyo vikaŵa pafupi na charu cha Rwanda. Ufumu wa Rwanda ndiwo ukaŵa na mazaza kwambira pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ndipo mafumu gha Ŵatutsi ghakatimbanizganga ŵanyawo, na kuŵika mazaza ghawo paŵekha, kweniso ŵakakanizganga Ŵahutu. Mu 1897, caru ca Germany cikamba kulamulira caru ca Rwanda, ico cikaŵa cigaŵa ca German East Africa. Vyaru vyose viŵiri vya ku Europe vikawusa kwizira mwa fumu ya ku Rwanda ndipo vikalutilira kovwira Ŵatutsi. Mu 1959, Ŵahutu ŵakagaluka. Ŵakakoma Ŵatutsi ŵanandi ndipo ŵakambiska boma lakujiyimira paŵekha la Ŵahutu mu 1962, ilo likaŵa na pulezidenti Grégoire Kayibanda. Mu 1973, ŵasilikari ŵakamuwuskapo Kayibanda na kwiza na Juvénal Habyarimana ku boma. Mu 1990, gulu la Tutsi lakucemeka Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) likambiska nkhondo. Habyarimana wakakomeka mu Epulero 1994. Nkhondo ya ku Rwanda iyo yikatora mazuŵa 100, yikapangiska kuti paŵe mphindano. Gulu la RPF likamalizga kukoma ŵanthu mwa nkhondo mu Julayi 1994.
Nangauli vimbundi vikuru yayi mu charu cha Rwanda pakuyaniska na vyaru vinyake, kweni charu ichi chili na vimbundi vinandi chomene pa charu chose. Ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi mbawukirano ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku mizi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Rwanda ŵakufuma ku fuko limoza pera, Ŵarwanda. Ndipouli, mu gulu ili muli magulu ghatatu: Ŵahutu, Ŵatutsi, na Ŵatwa. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Twa ŵakukhala mu nkhorongo ndipo kanandi ŵakuwoneka kuti mbana ŵa ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu cha Rwanda. Chikhristu ndicho ntchisopa chikuru chomene mu charu ichi. Chiyowoyero chikuru mu charu ichi ni Chikinyarwanda.
Vyaru vya ku Rwanda vikuthemba pa ulimi. Mu Rwanda, khofi na tiyi ni vyakurya vikuru ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuguliska. Ntchito ya kwendakwenda yikukura mwaluŵiro comene ndipo sono ndiyo yikupangiska ndalama zinandi mu caru ici. Charu ichi chili mu wupu wa African Union, United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, COMESA, OIF na East African Community.