![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/langtum-640px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png&w=640&q=50)
Burundi
charu chaufumu mu Afilika / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Burundi (/bəˈrʊndi/ (pulikizgani machemelo), /-ˈrʌn-/),(Kirundi: Repuburika y’Uburundi[9] [u.βu.ɾǔː.ndi]; Swahili: Jamuhuri ya Burundi; French: République du Burundi [buʁundi, byʁyndi]), ntcharu icho chili ku Great Rift Valley, pakati pa Africa na East Africa. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na charu cha Rwanda kumpoto, Tanzania kumafumiro gha dazi na kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, na Democratic Republic of Congo kumanjiliro gha dazi. Msumba ukuru wa charu ichi ni Gitega na Bujumbura.[10]
Charu cha Burundi
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Chiluso:
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Nyimbo: Burundi Bwacu (Kirundi) Our Burundi |
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Msumba Waboma | Gitega (political) Bujumbura (economic)[lower-alpha 1] | |||||
Msumba usani | Bujumbura | |||||
Official languages |
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Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2018[1]) |
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Vipembezo |
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Mwenecharu | Burundian | |||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary dominant-party presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Évariste Ndayishimiye | ||||
- | Vice President | Prosper Bazombanza | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Gervais Ndirakobuca | ||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||
- | Lower house | National Assembly | ||||
Establishment history | ||||||
- | Kingdom[2] | 1680–1966 | ||||
- | Part of German East Africa | 1890–1916 | ||||
- | Part of Ruanda-Urundi | 1916–1962 | ||||
- | Independence from Belgium | 1 July 1962 | ||||
- | Republic | 28 November 1966 | ||||
- | Current constitution | 17 May 2018 | ||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
- | Malo | 27,834 km2[3] (142) 10,747 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 10[4] | ||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
- | 2022 estimate | 12,574,571 [5] (77th) | ||||
- | 2008 census | 8,053,574[3] | ||||
- | Density | 451.8/km2 (31st) 1,170.2/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | |||||
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GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | |||||
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Gini (2013) | 39.2[7] medium |
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HDI (2021) | ![]() low ·187th |
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Ndalama | Burundian franc (FBu) (BIF ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | CAT (UTC+2) | |||||
Kalembelo kasiku | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||
Woko la galimoto | right | |||||
Intaneti yacharu | .bi |
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Twa, Hutu, na Tutsi ŵakhala mu Burundi kwa vilimika pafupifupi 500. Kwa vilimika vyakujumpha 200, Burundi ukaŵa ufumu wakujiyimira wekha, m'paka mu ma 1900, apo ukaŵa pasi pa Germany.[11] Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikati yamara ndipo caru ca Germany cikati calekeka, wupu wa League of Nations "ukapeleka" caru ici ku Belgium. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, malo agha ghakazgoka malo gha United Nations[12]. Ŵachijeremani na ŵa ku Belgium ndiwo ŵakalongozganga charu cha Burundi na Rwanda. Ku Burundi na Rwanda kukaŵavya boma limoza m'paka apo ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakakhalira mu Africa.[12]
Charu cha Burundi chikapokera wanangwa mu 1962 ndipo pakwamba chikaŵa na muwuso wa ufumu, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka, boma likapoka mazaza, ndipo mu chigaŵa ichi mukaŵa masuzgo ghanandi. Nkhondo za mtundu, nkhondo ziŵiri za pa cikaya, na kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi mu ma 1970, na mu 1990, vikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi comene, ndipo chuma chikalutilira kuchepa.[13]Mu chaka cha 2015 mukaŵa nkhondo yikuru ya ndyali apo Pierre Nkurunziza wakasankha kuti wazakaŵepo pa manda ghacitatu, ndipo boma likayezga kuti liŵawukire.
Ndondomeko ya ndyali ya Burundi njakuti munthu waliyose wakwimira munyake. Pulezidenti wa charu cha Burundi ni mulongozgi wa boma. Pasono mu Burundi muli vipani 21 ivyo vili kulembeka. Pa Malichi 13, 1992, Pierre Buyoya, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa Ŵatutsi, wakambiska ndondomeko ya ndyali. Pakati pajumpha vilimika vinkhondi na cimoza, pa Juni 6, 1998, dango la boma likasintha, kusazgirako mipando ya Nyumba ya Malango na kuŵikapo ŵaŵiri ŵa pulezidenti. Cifukwa ca phangano la ku Arusha, mu 2000, Burundi likakhazikiska boma la nyengo yicoko waka. Mu Okutobala 2016, Burundi yikaphalira UN kuti yikukhumba kufumamo mu khoti ili.
Charu cha Burundi chikulutilira kukhala ku mizi, ndipo mu 2019, ŵanthu 13.4% pera ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu matawuni. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa ivi chikukwana 315 pa kilomita yimoza. Pafupifupi 85% ya ŵanthu aŵa mba fuko la Chihutu, 15% mba Tutsi, ndipo ŵankhondi na yumoza pera ndiwo mba fuko la Twa. Viyowoyero vya boma mu Burundi ni Kirundi, Chifurenchi, na Chingelezi.
Charu cha Burundi ntchimoza mwa vyaru vichoko chomene mu Africa, ndipo malo ghake ghanandi ghakuliskako viŵeto.[14] Kuzakafika mu 2005, caru ici cikaŵa kuti caphyoka na makuni, ndipo malo ghambura kukwana 6% ghakaŵa na makuni.
Charu cha Burundi nchikavu chomene pa charu chose, kuyana na GDP (Gross Domestic Product) pa munthu yumoza, na $292 mu 2022, ndipo ni chalo chambura kukura chomene, icho chikukumana na ukavu, vimbundi, kukhazikika yayi, mazaza, na kuleka kusambira.
Mu Burundi muli ŵanthu ŵanandi, ndipo ŵawukirano ŵanandi ŵakusamira ku vyaru vinyake kukapenja nchito. Lipoti la 2018 la umo ŵanthu ŵaliri ŵakukondwa pa charu chose, likati charu ichi chili pa nambara 156.[15]Charu cha Burundi chili mu wupu wa African Union, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, United Nations, East African Community (EAC) na Movement of Non-Aligned.