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Robert Mugabe
purezidenti wachiwiri wa Zimbabwe kuyambira 1987 mpaka 2017 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robert Gabriel Mugabe[1] ( Shona: [muɡaɓe];21 February 1924 - 6 September 2019) wakaŵa munthu wakuwukira chalo cha Zimbabwe ndipo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya chalo ichi kufuma mu 1980 mpaka 1987 ndipo pamanyuma wakaŵa purezidenti kufuma mu 1987 mpaka 2017. Wakaŵa mulongozgi wa Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) kwambira 1975 mpaka 1980 ndipo wakalongozga chipani chakulondezgapo, ZANU Kuyana na maghanoghano gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 na 1980, wakajiwonanga kuti ni Marxist-Leninist, ndipo mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990 wakaŵa Socialist.
Robert Mugabe | |
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Mugabe mu 1979 | |
2nd President of Zimbabwe | |
Nyengo: 31 December 1987 – 21 November 2017 | |
Prime Minister | Morgan Tsvangirai (2009–2013) |
First Vice-president |
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Second Vice-president |
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Kupokela | Canaan Banana |
Kuwiska na | Emmerson Mnangagwa |
1st Prime Minister of Zimbabwe | |
Nyengo: 18 April 1980 – 31 December 1987 | |
Mlongozgi charu | Canaan Banana |
Deputy | Simon Muzenda |
Kupokela | Abel Muzorewa (Zimbabwe Rhodesia) |
Kuwiska na | Morgan Tsvangirai (2009) |
Leader and First Secretary of ZANU–PF ZANU (1975–1987) | |
Nyengo: 18 March 1975 – 19 November 2017 | |
Chairman |
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Second Secretary |
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Kupokela | Herbert Chitepo |
Kuwiska na | Emmerson Mnangagwa |
13th Chairperson of the African Union | |
Nyengo: 30 January 2015 – 30 January 2016 | |
Leader | Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma |
Kupokela | Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz |
Kuwiska na | Idriss Déby |
10th Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement | |
Nyengo: 6 September 1986 – 7 September 1989 | |
Kupokela | Zail Singh |
Kuwiska na | Janez Drnovšek |
Umoyo wamunthu | |
Kubabika | Robert Gabriel Mugabe (1924-02-21)21 February 1924 Kutama, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) |
Kufwa | 6 September 2019(2019-09-06) (vyaka vikaŵa 95) Gleneagles, Singapore |
Malo ghakuŵikika | Kutama, Zimbabwe |
Chipani |
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Nthengwa | Sally Hayfron
(m. 1961; died 1992)Grace Marufu
(m. 1996) |
Ŵana | 4, including Bona and Robert Jr |
Sukulu |
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Chikhwekhwelele | ![]() |
Mugabe wakababika mu mbumba ya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Shona ku Kutama, Southern Rhodesia. Wakasambira pa sukulu ya Kutama College na University of Fort Hare, ndipo wakagwiranga nchito ya kusambizga sukulu ku Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, na Ghana. Cifukwa ca kukwiya cifukwa ca muwuso wa ŵanthu ŵazungu mu caru cake ico cikaŵa pasi pa Ufumu wa Britain, Mugabe wakazomera visambizgo vya Marx ndipo wakajibatika ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakaciskanga kuti paŵe boma lakujiyimira palekha ilo likulongozgeka na ŵanthu ŵafipa. Wakati wayowoya mazgu ghakwimikana na boma, ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa kuwukira boma ndipo ŵakamujalira mu jele kwambira mu 1964 m'paka 1974. Wakati wafumiskika, wakachimbilira ku Mozambique, wakambiska gulu la ZANU, ndipo wakalaŵiliranga mulimo wake mu Nkhondo ya Rhodesian Bush, kulimbana na boma la Ian Smith. Wakakhumba yayi kunjilirapo pa nkhani za mtende mu United Kingdom izo zikapangiska kuti paŵe phangano la Lancaster House, ilo likamazga nkhondo. Mu 1980 pa mavoti gha wose, Mugabe wakalongozga ZANU-PF ku chigonjetso, ndipo wakazgoka nduna yikuru apo chalo ichi, ico sono cikucemeka Zimbabwe, cikapokera wanangwa wa caru cose mu chaka ceneci. Boma la Mugabe likasazgirako wovwiri wa vyaumoyo na masambiro ndipo nangauli likayowoya kuti likukhumba kuti paŵe wupu wa socialist, kweni likalutilira kulondezga fundo za boma.
Mubali Mugabe wakatondeka kumazga suzgo la ŵanthu ŵazungu awo ŵakafumanga mu vyaru vinyake, ndipo ubwezi wake na chipani cha Joshua Nkomo cha Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) nawo ukatimbanizgika. Mu nkhondo ya Gukurahundi ya 1982-1987, Gulu la Cinkhondi la Mugabe likathereska ŵakususka ŵa ZAPU mu Matabeleland mu kampeni iyo yikakoma ŵanthu 20,000, comenecomene ŵanthu ŵa Ndebele. Pa charu chose, wakatuma ŵasilikari ku Nkhondo yaciŵiri ya Congo ndipo wakadangilira gulu la wupu wa Non-Aligned Movement (1986-89), Organisation of African Unity (1997-98), na African Union (2015-16). Pakukhumba kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kukhala mu vyaru vinyake, Mugabe wakadidimizgapo comene pa kugaŵa malo agho ŵalimi ŵazungu ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito ku ŵanthu ŵafipa awo ŵakaŵavya malo. Wakakhuŵara cifukwa ca kucepa kwa kugaŵa vyakurya, ndipo kwamba mu 2000, wakaciska ŵanthu ŵacibara ŵa ku Zimbabwe kuti ŵatore minda ya ŵazungu. Vyakurya vikakhwaskika comene, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti paŵe njara, kusuzgika kwa cuma, ndiposo kuti ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru vinyake ŵambiske vivulupi. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kumususka chomene Mugabe, kweni wakasankhikaso mu 2002, 2008, na 2013 chifukwa cha vivulupi, upusikizgi, na kutemwera ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi ya ku Shona. Mu 2017, mamembala a chipani chake adamuchotsa pampando, ndikumuyika m'malo mwa wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wakale Emmerson Mnangagwa.
Pakuti Mugabe wakaŵa na mazaza pa ndyali mu Zimbabwe kwa vyaka pafupifupi 40, ŵanthu ŵakamususkanga comene. Ŵanthu ŵakamulumba kuti ni munthu uyo wakawovwira kuti Zimbabwe yifume mu mawoko gha ŵasilikari ŵa Britain, ŵamazaza, na ŵanthu ŵatuŵa. Awo ŵakususka boma la Mugabe ŵakamupa mulandu wakuti ni munthu wankhaza uyo wakwendeska makora yayi vinthu vyachuma kweniso wakuchitiska vimbundi na kuswa wanangwa wa ŵanthu.