Eunectes murinus

Eunectes murinus, Eunectes cinsine bağlı zehirsiz bir yılan türüdür.^[4][5] Güney Amerika ve Trinidad'da bulunur. En büyük ve en ağır yılanlar listesindedir ve Malayopython reticulatusdan sonra dünyadaki en ağır yılandır.

Eunectes murinus Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 2,58-0 myö Alt pleyistosen-Günümüz[1]  PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Korunma durumu
Asgari endişe altında (IUCN 3.1)[2]
Biyolojik sınıflandırma
Âlem: Animalia Şube: Chordata Sınıf: Squamata Familya: Boidae Cins: Eunectes Tür: E. murinus
İkili adlandırma
Eunectes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sinonimler [3]
[Boa] murina Linnaeus, 1758 [Boa] Scytale Linnaeus, 1758 Boa gigas Latreille, 1802 Boa anacondo Daudin, 1803 Boa aquatica Wied-Neuwied, 1824 Eunectes murinus – Wagler, 1830 Eunectes murina – Gray, 1831 Eunectes murinus – Boulenger, 1893 Eunectes scytale – Stull, 1935 [Eunectes murinus] murinus – Dunn & Conant, 1936 Eunectes barbouri Dunn & Conant, 1936 Eunectes murinus murinus – Dunn, 1944 Eunectes akayima Rivas et al., 2024

Özellikler

Yaklaşık 5,21 m (17 ft 1 in) uzunluğa erişebildiğinden dünyadaki en ağır ve uzun yılanlardan biridir.^[6] Dişiler erkeklerden genel olarak daha büyüktür. Tipik yetişkin dişi 5 m (16 ft 5 in) uzunluğa erişebilirken, ortalama 4,6 m (15 ft 1 in) uzunluğundadır. Erkekler ortalama 3 m (9 ft 10 in) uzunluğundadır.^[7][8][9] Ağırlıklarıyla ilgili araştırmalar daha az olsa da tipik yetişkin yaklaşık 30-80 kg (66-176 lb) arasındadır.^[10][11][12]

Türle ilgili 11-12 m (35-40 ft) uzunluğa veya daha da uzun oldukları bilinse de fiziki deliller veya müzelerde bulunmamasından dolayı kayıtlara geçen bulunmamaktadır.^[13] En ağır ve en uzun olan tü, 1000'den fazla Eunectes türü incelemiş olan Dr. Jesús Antonio Rivas^[14] tarafından onaylanan 5,21 m (17 ft 1 in) uzunluğunda ve 97,5 kg (214 lb 15 oz) ağırlığındaki dişidir.^[6]

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

• Dirksen, Lutz; Böhme, Wolfgang (31 Aralık 1998). "Studien an Anakondas 2: Zum taxonomischen Status von Eunectes murinus gigas (Latreille, 1801) (Serpentes: Boidae), mit neuen Ergebnissen zur Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830". Salamandra (Almanca). 34 (4). ss. 359-374.
• Dirksen, Lutz (2002). Anakondas. Monographische Revision der Gattung Eunectes (Wagler, 1830) (Almanca). Münster: Natur und Tier-Verlag. ISBN 3-931587-43-6.
• Rivas, Jesús; Muñoz, María C.; Thorbjarnarson, John B.; Burghardt, Gordon M.; Holmstrom, William; Calle, Paul P. (2007). "Natural History of the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) in the Venezuelan llanos". Henderson, Robert W.; Powell, Robert (Ed.). Biology of the Boas and Pythons (PDF). Eagle Mountain, Utah: Eagle Mountain Publishing. ss. 129-138. ISBN 978-0972015431. 18 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Temmuz 2012.
• McDiarmid, Roy W., Jonathan A. Campbell, and T'Shaka A. Touré, 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. xi + 511.
• Boos, H.E.A. (2001) The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago.: Texas A&M University Press, 270 pp
• Boulenger, G.A. (1893) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I.: London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp.
• CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. (2013) The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru.: Biota Neotrop. 13(4): 269-283
• Calle, P. P.. Rivas J. A. Muñoz, M. C. Thorbjarnarson, J. B. Holmstrom, W. and W. B. Karesh. (2001) Infectious Disease serologic survey in free-ranging Venezuelan anacondas (Eunectes murinus).: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 32(3): 320-323
• Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador.: Misc. Publ. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65: 1-352
• Duellman, W.E., & Salas, A.W. (1991) Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru.: Occas. Papers Mus. of Natur. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence (143): 13 pp.
• Freitas, Marco Antonio de (2014) Squamate reptiles of the Atlantic Forest of northern Bahia, Brazil.: Check List 10 (5): 1020-1030
• Gay, Martin (1993) The green anaconda (Eunectes murinus).: Reptilian 2 (1): 14-17
• Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva (2012) The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes.: Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50
• Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.: Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp.
• McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. (1999) Snake species of the world. Vol. 1.: Herpetologists' League, 511 pp
• Mößle, R. (2012) Haltung, Pflege und Zucht der Großen Anakonda (Eunectes murinus).: Terraria Elaphe 2012 (4): 22-32
• Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. (1988) Ofidios de Colombia.: Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
• Reed, R.N. and G.H. Rodda (2009) Giant Constrictors: Biological and Management Profiles and an Establishment Risk Assessment for Nine Large Species of Pythons, Anacondas, and the Boa Constrictor.: U.S. Geological Survey, xviii + 323 pp.
• Rivas, J. A. (1998) Predatory attack of a green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) on an adult human.: Herpetological Natural History 6 (2): 157-159
• Rivas, J. A. (2001) Feasibility and efficiency of transmitter force-feeding in studying the reproductive biology of large snakes.: Herpetological Natural History 8 (1): 93-95
• Rivas, J. A. (2007) Conservation of Anacondas: How Tylenol conservation and macroeconomics threaten the Survival of the world's largest snake.: Iguana 10-21
• Rivas, J. A., Thorbjarnarson, J. B., Owens, R. Y and M. C, Muñoz, (1999) Eunectes murinus: caiman predation.: Herpetological Review 30 (2): 101
• Smith, H. M.; Gloyd, H. K. (1964) Nomenclatural notes on the snake names Scytale, Boa scytale, and Agkistrodon mokasen.: Herpetologica 19 (4): 280-282
• Barone, S. (2006) Python vs. Tiger! Incredible but true attacks by giant snakes.: Reptilia (GB) (46): 71-76
• Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop (2013) Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis.: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620
• Dirksen, Lutz (2002) Anakondas.: Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 190 pp.
• Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazo´nico: The Lives of Amphibians and Reptiles in an Amazonian Rainforest.: Comstock Pub Assoc.
• Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. (1844) Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.6.: Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 609 pp.
• Dunn,E.R. & Conant,R. (1936) Notes on anacondas, with descriptions of two new species.: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 88: 503-506
• Flindt, R. (2002) Biologie in Zahlen, 6. Aufl.: Spektrum Akad. Verlag, Heidelberg, 296 pp.
• INFANTE-RIVERO E., M. NATERA-MUMAW A. MARCANO (2008) Extension of the distribution of Eunectes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Venezuela, with notes on ophiophagia.: Herpetotropicos 4 (1): 39
• Jan, G. (1864) Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 6. Livraison.: J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris
• Lamonica, R.C.; ABRAHA~O-CHARLES, H.; LOGUERCIO, M. F. C. & ROCHA-BARBOSA, O. (2007) Growth, Shedding and Food Intake in Captive Eunectes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Boidae).: Int. J. Morphol. 25 (1): 103-108
• Morato, S.A.A.; A.M.X. Lima; D.C.P. Staut; R.G. Faria; J.P. Souza-Alves; S.F. Gouveia; M.R.C. Scupino; R. Gomes; M.J. Silva. (2011) Amphibians and Reptiles of the Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco, municipality of Capela, state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil.: Check List 7 (6): 756-762
• ROBERTSON, M.M.K. (1998) CÙro de SucurÌ.: Reptiles Sep. 1998: 36-38
• Rivas, J. A., Muñoz M del C., Thorbjarnarson, J. B., Holmstrom, W. and Calle P. (1995) A safe method for handling large snakes in the field.: Herpetological Review 26: 138-139
• Rivas, J. A.; Ascanio R. & M. D Muñoz. (2008) What is the length of a snake?.: Contemporary Herpetology 2008 (2): 1-3
• Rivas, J. Muñoz, M, Burghardt, G. and J Thorbjarnarson (2007) Sexual size dimorphism and mating system of the Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus). pp: 312-325 In: R. W. Henderson, R. and Powell, G. W. (eds.), Biology of Boas, Pythons, and Related Taxa.: Eagle Mountain Publishing Company, Eagle Mountain
• Schmidt, Dieter (2010) Vermehrung und Zucht von Riesenschlangen.: Draco 11 (44): 4-17
• Strimple, Peter D. (1993) Overview of the natural history of the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus).: Herpetological Natural History 1 (1): 25-35
• Vaz-Silva, W. et al. (2007) Herpetofauna, Espora Hydroelectric Power Plant, state of Goia´s, Brazil.: Check List 3 (4): 338-345
• Wied-Neuwied, M. (1824) Verzeichniss der Amphibien, welche im zweyten Bande der Naturgeschichte Brasiliens vom Prinz Max von Neuwied werden beschrieben werden.: Isis von Oken 14: 661—673
• BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. (2012) Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil.: Biota Neotrop. 12(3): 1-29
• Beebe, William (1946) Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo, British Guiana, and Caripito, Venezuela.: Zoologica 31: 11-52
• Bellosa, Henry & Ralf Mössle (2009) Freilandforschung und Terrarienbeobachtung als sich ergänzende Methoden am Beispiel der Großen Anakonda (Eunectes murinus).: Ophidia 3 (1)
• Bernarde, Paulo Se´rgio;, Reginaldo Asse^ncio Machado & Luiz Carlos Batista Turci (2011) Herpetofauna da a´rea do Igarape´ Esperanc¸a na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre – Brasil.: Biota Neotrop. 11 (3): 117-144
• Dirksen, L. (2000) Zur Kenntnis der Anakonda-Arten (Serpentes: Boidae: Eunectes). II: Eunectes murinus(Linnaeus, 1758).: Herpetofauna 22 (126): 23-34
• Dirksen, L. & W BÖHME (1998) Studien an Anakondas 1: Indizien für natürliche Bastardierung zwischen der Großen Anakonda (Eunectes murinus) und der Paraguay-Anakonda (Eunectes notaeus) in Bolivien, mit Anmerkungen zur Taxonomie der Gattung Eunectes (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes:: Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 50 (4) : 45-58.
• Dirksen, Lutz (2007) Rekordhalter einer Großen Anakonda in Gefangenschaft.: Ophidia 1 (2)
• Marques, R., M.S. Tino^co, D. Couto- Ferreira, C.P. Fazolato, H.C. Browne-Ribeiro, M.L.O. Travassos, M.A. Dias & J.V.L. Mota (2011) Reserva Imbassai´ Restinga: inventory of snakes on the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil.: Journal of Threatened Taxa 3 (11): 2184–2191
• Ryerson, William G. and Sara Horwitz. (2014) Eunectes murinus (green anaconda) behavior / sidewinding.: Herpetological Review 45 (2): 337-338
• Starace, Fausto (1998) Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane.: IBIS Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, Guyane, 450 pp.
• Switak, K.-H. (2014) Den mächtigen Amazonas entlang. Im herpetologischen Paradies.: Reptilia (Münster) 19 (108): 76-85
• Trutnau,L. (1982) Einige Bemerkungen über die neuweltlichen Riesenschlangen der Gattung Eunectes Wagler 1830.: Herpetofauna 4 (17): 14-21
• Wagler, Jean G. (1830) Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugetiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. 1.0.: Cotta, München, Stuttgart, and Tübingen, 354 pp
• Bellosa, H. (2003) Record Snake Fascination.: Reptilia (GB) (27): 28-30
• Bellosa, H., L. Dirksen & M. Auliya (2007) Faszination Riesenschlangen - Mythos, Fakten und Geschichten.: BLV-Verlag, 160 pp.
• Calle, P., Rivas, J., Muñoz M., Thorbjarnarson, J., Dierenfeld, E. Holmstrom, W. Braselton, E. and Karesh W. (1994) Health assessment of free-ranging anacondas (Eunectes murinus) in Venezuela.: Jour. Zoo. Wildl. Med. 25: 53-62

Kaynakça

1. Hsiou, Annie; Winck, Gisele; Schubert, Blaine; dos Santos Avilla, Leonardo (1 Haziran 2013). "On the Presence of Eunectos Murinus (Squamata, Serpentes) from the Late Pleistocene of Northern Brazil". Revista Brasileira de paleontologia. 16 (1).
2. Calderón, M.; Ortega, A.; Scott, N.; Cacciali, P.; Nogueira, C. de C.; Gagliardi, G.; Catenazzi, A.; Cisneros-Heredia, D. F.; Hoogmoed, M.S.; Schargel, W.; Rivas, G.; Murphy, J. (22 Kasım 2014), "Eunectes murinus", IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-2.rlts.t44580041a44580052.en Accessed 2022-04-08.
3. McDiarmid, R. W.; Campbell, J. A.; Toure, T. (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. ISBN 1893777014.
4. "GBIF". 19 Aralık 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mart 2024.
5. "PaleoBioDB". 31 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mart 2024.
6. Pizzatto, Lígia; Marques, Otavio; Facure, Kátia (2009). "Food habits of Brazilian boid snakes: overview and new data, with special reference to Corallus hortulanus". Amphibia-Reptilia. 30 (4). Brill Publishers. ss. 533-544. doi:10.1163/156853809789647121. ISSN 0173-5373. 30 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2024.
7. O'Shea 2007.
8. Minton, Sherman A.; Minton, Madge Rutherford (1973). Giant Reptiles. New York: Scribners. ISBN 0684132672.
9. Rivas, Jesús; Burghardt, Gordon (30 Ocak 2001). "Understanding Sexual Size Dimorphism in Snakes: wearing the snake's shoes". Animal Behaviour. 62 (3). ss. F1-F6. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1755.
10. Pope, Clifford Millhouse (1961). The Giant Snakes: The Natural History of the Boa Constrictor, the Anaconda, and the Largest Pythons, Including Comparative Facts about Other Snakes and Basic Information on Reptiles in General. New York: Knopf. ASIN B000T8CAN8.
11. Duellman, W. (2005). Cusco Amazónico: The Lives of Amphibians and Reptiles in an Amazonian Rainforest. Comstock Books in Herpetology. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 0801439973.
12. Murphy, John C.; Crutchfield, Tom (March 2019). Giant Snakes: A Natural History (PDF) (İngilizce). Book Services. s. 13. ISBN 978-1-64516-232-2.^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}
13. Murphy, John C.; Henderson, Robert W. (1997). Tales of Giant Snakes: A Historical Natural History of Anacondas and Pythons. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. ISBN 0-89464-995-7.
14. Rivas, Jesús. "Life history and conservation of the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus)". 3 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

Dış bağlantılar

• Rivas, Jesús. "Life history and conservation of the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus)". anacondas.org. 3 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Nisan 2012.
• Wikimedia Commons'ta Eunectes murinus ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur.
• Vikitür'de Eunectes murinus ile ilgili ayrıntılı taksonomik bilgiler bulunur.