上

Такође погледајте: 丄

上 U+4E0A, 上 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0A ← 三 [U+4E09] CJK Unified Ideographs 下 → [U+4E0B]

међународно

Редослед писања

Редослед писања

Han character

上 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜一 (YM), четири-угла 2110₀, composition ⿱⺊一)

Derived characters

• 仩, 𠮵, 圵, 𰛈, 𨑗, 𪱲, 𬉷, 𧘕, 𫒆, 𰽙, 𥆮, 𬨺, 𭫌, 𤼸
• 让 (Simplified from 讓)
• 𠆳, 𭆽, 䒙, 𡗶, 㫔, 𦊆, 𥬧, 𫝙, 𡒥, 𥬿, 仧, 𠑷, 卡, 𠮳, 𪥤, 尗, 忐, 㫖, 𮌈, 𬂞, 𮛅, 𣑾, 𭾴, 𨓑, 𨕭, 𨨾
• 垰, 峠, 挊, 桛, 裃, 𧧎, 鞐, 𠯡, 𠜔, 𠛯, 𦅐, 𤩋, 𢱵, 𢹟, 𢫜, 㑅, 𤨛, 𥡳

References

• KangXi: page 76, карактер 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 13
• Dae Jaweon: страна 145, карактер 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: том 1, страна 5, карактер 4
• Unihan data за U+4E0A

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Језици (1)

Референце

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Страна категорија

Кинески

једн. and трад.		上
alternative forms		丄 ancient 𠄞 尚 Min Nan “most”

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 上
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (上) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Стари Кинески
丄
上

Ideogram (指事 (zhǐshì)) : a line above another (contrast 下) — up. Originally written as 𠄞, but changed to this form to prevent confusion with 二 (èr).

Etymology 1

From From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟེང (steng), Tibetan ཡང་རྩེ (yang rtse, “summit; pinnacle”) (Bodman, 1980), Mizo zo (“to be high”), zah (“to respect; to revere”). STEDT, on the other hand, considers 上 to be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise; top; summit”).

Shijing rimes indicate occasional level tone for pronunciation 2 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive of pronunciation 2 with suffix *-s, literally meaning "what has been raised" (Schuessler, 2007). The rising tone in Middle Chinese words with voiced stop initials regularly evolves into departing tone in Mandarin; pronunciation 3 results from 叶韻, which artificially preserves classical poetry rhyming words' pronunciations.

Pronunciation 1

Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "3" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..

Definitions

上

1. upper part; high position; up

   Antonym: 下

2. ^† emperor
3. on; above

   樹上／树上  ―  shùshàng  ―  on the tree

   筆在桌上。／笔在桌上。  ―  Bǐ zài zhuōshàng.  ―  The pen is on the desk.

4. superior; senior; top
5. preceding; previous; last; former

   上一年  ―  shàng yī nián  ―  last year

   上集  ―  shàng jí  ―  last episode

   上世紀／上世纪  ―  shàng shìjì  ―  last century

6. first of several (usually two or three) partitions

   Antonyms: 中, 下

   西遊記上／西游记上  ―  Xīyóujì shàng  ―  Journey to the West I

   上古漢語和中古漢語 [MSC, trad.]
   上古汉语和中古汉语 [MSC, simp.]

   shànggǔ hànyǔ hé zhōnggǔ hànyǔ [Pinyin]

   Old Chinese and Middle Chinese

7. within; in; from the standpoint of; according to

   在理論上／在理论上  ―  zài lǐlùn shàng  ―  according to theory

   在這個世界上／在这个世界上  ―  zài zhège shìjiè shàng  ―  in this world

   在英文上沒有相似的說法。 [MSC, trad.]
   在英文上没有相似的说法。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zài yīngwén shàng méiyǒu xiàngsì de shuōfǎ. [Pinyin]

   There is no similar way of wording in English.

   • 人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。 [MSC, trad.]
     人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”

     Rénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yīlǜ píngděng. [Pinyin]

     All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

8. (Min Nan) most; extremely

   • 衝衝衝　踏遍天下我尚勇 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     冲冲冲　踏遍天下我尚勇 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 2000, 伍佰, 衝衝衝

     衝 衝 衝, 踏 遍 thian-hā góa siōng ióng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Upper part, up (Chinese).

Pronunciation 2

Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "3" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..

Definitions

上

1. to go up; to ascend
2. to charge; to advance

   上啊！  ―  Shàng a!  ―  Charge!

3. to go to; to leave for (a place) (usually to a more developed place)

   上省城  ―  shàng xǐngchéng  ―  to go to the province capital

4. to board; to get on

   請上車。／请上车。  ―  Qǐng shàng chē.  ―  Please get into the car.

5. to serve; to present; to offer

   還有兩個菜沒上。 [MSC, trad.]
   还有两个菜没上。 [MSC, simp.]

   Háiyǒu liǎng ge cài méi shàng. [Pinyin]

   There're two dishes that haven't been served.

   上筆和紙來。／上笔和纸来。  ―  Shàng bǐ hé zhǐ lái.  ―  Give me the pen and the paper.

6. to attend (class, work)

   上班  ―  shàngbān  ―  to go to work

   她上夜校。  ―  Tā shàng yèxiào.  ―  She goes to night school.

7. to enter (a field); to appear (on stage, TV)
8. to fit; to install; to apply

   上油漆  ―  shàng yóuqī  ―  to apply paint

9. to screw; to tighten, to twist
10. (colloquial) Шаблон:zh-abbrev
11. to connect to; browse (a website)

    上谷歌  ―  shàng Gǔgē  ―  to go on Google; to google

12. (Min) to pull upwards or hang with a rope

    上水 [Hokkien]  ―  chhiūⁿ-chúi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to draw water from a well

13. (Min Nan) to grow and attach

    上青苔 [Hokkien]  ―  chhiūⁿ 青-tâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to grow moss

14. (Xiamen Min Nan) to pile up

    上貨／上货 [Hokkien]  ―  chhiūⁿ貨 [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to pile up goods

15. (vulgar, usually of a male) to fuck; to have intercourse (usually with a female)
16. Particle following verbs, indicating direction or achievement.

    安排上了。  ―  Ānpái shàng le.  ―  It has been arranged.

17. 7th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ascension" (𝌌)
18. (mahjong, Cantonese) chow; to call a discarded tile to produce a chow

Usage notes

• When playing mahjong in Cantonese, a player may say this word as a call when forming a chowing another player's discard

Synonyms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Upper part, up (Chinese).

Pronunciation 3

Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "3" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..

Definitions

上

1. (～聲) (Chinese phonetics) rising tone in Chinese phonetics

See also

The tones (of Chinese) in Кинески · 聲調／声调 (layout · text)
	平仄		平 平聲／平声		仄 仄聲／仄声
	平上去入 四聲／四声 古四聲／古四声		平 平聲／平声		上 上聲／上声		去 去聲／去声		入 入聲／入声
標調方法／标调方法 標調法／标调法	四角標調法／四角标调法		꜀◌		꜂◌		◌꜄		◌꜆
	[Терм?]		◌〪		◌〫		◌〬		◌〭
	[Терм?]		∅		◌〮		◌〯		∅
			∅		-X		-H		-p -t -k (-ʔ)
	四聲八調／四声八调		陰平／阴平	陽平／阳平	陰上／阴上	陽上／阳上	陰去／阴去	陽去／阳去	陰入／阴入	陽入／阳入
	陰／阴	陽／阳
標調方法／标调方法 標調法／标调法	四角標調法／四角标调法		꜀◌	꜁◌	꜂◌	꜃◌	◌꜄	◌꜅	◌꜆	◌꜇

The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Кинески · 聲調／声调 (layout · text)
四聲／四声	陰平／阴平 第一聲／第一声		陽平／阳平 第二聲／第二声		上聲／上声 第三聲／第三声		去聲／去声 第四聲／第四声		輕聲／轻声

Compounds

• Види 上/изведени термини § Rising tone (Chinese).

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (上):

• → Јапански: 上(じょう) (jō)
• → Корејски: 상(上) (sang)
• → Вијетнамски: thượng (上, “upper”), thướng (上, “to go up”)

Etymology 2

За изговор и дефиниције од 上 – види 緔. (Овај character, 上, је the second-round simplified облик од 緔.)

Etymology 3

За изговор и дефиниције од 上 – види 鞝. (Овај character, 上, је the second-round simplified облик од 鞝.)

Further reading

• “Entry #174”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Мандарин and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Јапански

Kanji

Шаблон:ja-kanji

1. above, high, up
2. earlier
3. excellent, top
4. certain time or place in the past
5. limit
6. climb, rise
7. offer
8. go to the center
9. raise, bring up
10. one of the four tones of Middle Chinese
11. short for 上野国 (Kōzuke no kuni): Kōzuke Province

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō, Jōyō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō ^†)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Sō-on: しゃん (shan)^{←しやん (syan, historical)}
• Kun: うえ (ue, 上, Jōyō); うわ (uwa, 上, Jōyō ^†); かみ (kami, 上, Jōyō); あげる (ageru, 上げる, Jōyō); あがる (agaru, 上がる, Jōyō); あがり (agari, 上がり); のぼる (noboru, 上る, Jōyō); のぼり (nobori, 上り); のぼせる (noboseru, 上せる, Jōyō); のぼす (nobosu, 上す, Jōyō); たてまつる (tatematsuru, 上る); ほとり (hotori, 上)
• Nanori: あおい (aoi); あげ (age); い (i); か (ka); かき (kaki); かず (kazu); かん (kan); こう (kō); のぼり (nobori); ほつ (hotsu)

Compounds

• Види 上/изведени термини § Kanji.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
上
うえ Степен: 1
kun'yomi

⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.

Bound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below), possibly by fusion with an emphatic nominal particle い (i).

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

Noun

上(うえ) (ue) ^{←うへ (ufe)?}

1. the above

   『上(うえ)を向(む)いて歩(ある)こう』

   “Ue o Muite Arukō”

   Walk Looking Up

2. the top Галицијски

   箱(はこ)の上(うえ)

   hako no ue

   top of the box

3. the surface of

   水(みず)の上(うえ)に浮(う)かぶ

   mizu no ue ni ukabu

   to float upon the water

4. superior in skill, age, level, etc.

   一(ひと)つ上(うえ)の先輩(せんぱい)

   hitotsu ue no senpai

   senior who is one year older

   二(ふた)回(まわ)り上(うえ)の上司(じょうし)

   futamawari-ue no jōshi

   boss who is 20 years older (than someone else)

Antonyms

• 下(した) (shita)

Derived terms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Be above (Japanese).

Idioms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Be above (Japanese).

Suffix

上(うえ) (-ue) ^{←うへ (ufe)?}

1. suffix addressing to a superior

Derived terms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Suffix (Japanese).

Proper noun

上(うえ) (Ue) ^{←うへ (ufe)?}

1. A презиме​.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
上
うわ Степен: 1
kun'yomi

/upa/ → /ufa/ → /uwa/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upa. The combining form of ue, ancient upe (see above).^[1]

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

Noun

上(うわ) (uwa) ^{←うは (ufa)?}

1. upper, over

Derived terms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Upper (Japanese).

Proper noun

上(うわ) (Uwa) ^{←うは (ufa)?}

1. a place name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
上
へ Степен: 1
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
上
え Степен: 1
irregular

⟨upe₂⟩ → ⟨pe₂⟩ → */pe/ → /fe/ → /he/

Short-form of or shift from ue, ancient upe (see above). Realized as -e in some compounds.

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.. Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

Usage notes

The senses are the same with ue.

Derived terms

• 尾上(おのえ) (onoe)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
上
かみ Степен: 1
kun'yomi

⟨kami₁⟩ → */kamʲi/ → /kami/

From Old Japanese. Already apparent in ancient texts such as the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).^[1][2]

Distinct from 神 (⟨kami₂⟩ → kami, “Shinto deity”).

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

Noun

上(かみ) (kami) 

1. the start
2. a high place; the top
3. one with higher rank

Antonyms

• 下(しも) (shimo)

Derived terms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Start (Japanese).

Idioms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Start (Japanese).

Proper noun

上(かみ) (Kami) 

1. a place name
2. A презиме​.

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
上
かん Степен: 1
kun'yomi

/kami/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/

Contraction of Old Japanese ⟨kami₁⟩. Spelled in ancient works as かむ (kamu) prior to the development of the ん (n) kana.^[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

Noun

上(かん) (kan) 

1. (obsolete) Same as かみ (kami) above

Usage notes

Generally only found when followed by the genitive / possessive particles の (no) or つ (tsu).

Derived terms

• Види 上/изведени термини § Above (Japanese).

Proper noun

上(かん) (Kan) 

1. a place name

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
上
じょう Степен: 1
goon

/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/

From Middle Chinese 上.

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

• Pitch accent for suffix unknown.

Noun

上(じょう) (jō) ^{←じやう (zyau)?}

1. the first volume in a two- or three-volume set

   Антоним: 下 (ge)

Suffix

上(じょう) (-jō) ^{←じやう (zyau)?}

1. from the standpoint of...

   理(り)論(ろん)上(じょう)はありえないこと

   riron-jō wa arienai koto

   something that is impossible according to theory

   法(ほう)律(りつ)上(じょう)の争(そう)訟(しょう)

   hōritsu-jō no sōshō

   legal dispute

2. aboard Галицијски
3. above, in, on

Derived terms

• Види 上/изведени термини § From the standpoint of (Japanese).

Proper noun

上(じょう) (Jō) ^{←じやう (zyau)?}

1. A презиме​.

References

2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN  4-09-501211-0

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Корејски

Hanja

上 (eumhun 윗 상 (wit sang))

1. Hanja form^? of 상 (“up; top; first; best”).

Compounds

• 세상 (世上, sesang)
• 이상 (以上, isang)
• 정상 (頂上, jeongsang)
• 향상 (向上, hyangsang)

 

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Вијетнамски

Han character

上: Hán Việt readings: thượng-tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel (時(thì)亮(lượng)切(thiết))
上: Nôm readings: thượng-tdcntd;bonet;genibrel;taberd

1. Hán tự form of thượng, “upper; higher; top”

Compounds

• Види 上/изведени термини § Upper (Vietnamese).

References

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Преводи

Енглески: [1] Француски: Немачки: Италијански: Шпански: Португалски:

Арапски: Руски: Српски: [1] Грчки: Бугарски: Шведски:

Референце

• [archchinese.com ]
• [lexilogos.com ]
• [Biblija ]
• [wordproject.org ]

Шаблон:119:021 Шаблон:Kateg4 Шаблон:Kateg3 Шаблон:Kateg