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Ka timid Wikipedia, Insaykalabeedhiyaha Xorta ah
| Barandho | |
|---|---|
| |
| Midhaha baradhada waa mid noocyo badan oo midabo iyo xajmi kala duwan leh | |
| Kala soocida cilmiga ah | |
| Boqortooyo: | Plantae |
| (darajo la'aan): | Asterids |
| Dirka: | Solanales |
| Bahka: | Solanaceae |
| Duulka: | Solanum |
| Noocyada: | S. tuberosum |
| Magaca laba-geesoodka ah | |
| Solanum tuberosum Carl Linnaeus | |
Baradho, Baradhe, Bataati (Af Carabi : ar Af-Taliyaani : patata Af Ingiriis : potato) waa midho ka mid ah khudaarta oo ka baxa dhirta xididadeeda. Barandhadu waxay ka mid tahay cuntooyinka dadka iyo xooluhu quutaan. Inta la ogyahay waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo barandho ah kuwaasi oo ku kala duwan midabka, dhadhanka, xajmiga iyo qarada. Jaada ugu caansan ee dunida inta ugu badan laga helo waa barandhaha cadaan-huruud (yellow-white) qolof fudud leh. Baradhada waa cuntada afaraad ee dunida, waxa ka horeeya bariiska, qamadiga iyo galleyda oo kali ah. Sida ay xuseen khubarada cilmibaadhista dhirtu, baradhadu waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa dhulka hoose ee wadamada Koonfurta Ameerika, gaar ahaan Jili. In kastoo isbedel xaga jiiniska (genes) lagu sameeyay barandhaha, hadana 99% barandhaha caalamka laga isticmaalo waa mid ka soo jeedaa deegaanadaasi Koonfurta Ameerika.
Baradhada oo ah khudaar midho wareegsan oo midabo badan leh, inta badan huruud cadaan ku dhex jiro, ayaa ka mid ah khudaarta lagu daro cuntada ama kaligiis la karsado.
Midhaha geedka baradhadu waxay ka baxdaa carada dhulka hoosteeda.
Geedka barandhaha wuxuu koraa dherer ah ilaa 60 cm taasi oo ku xidhan nooca iyo nafada uu helo geedku. Barandhadu waxay bixisaa caleemo balaadhan oo cagaar ah ka hor intaanay ubax iyo midho yeelan. Bacariminta ubaxa geedka barandhaha waxaa ka qeyb qaata xasharaadka taasi oo lagu magacaabo Bacarimin-isdhaafsi (cross-pollination). Guud ahaan, waxaa jiraa ilaa 9,000 oo nooc oo barandho ah kuwaasi oo in ka badan 7,000 laga helo deegaanada Koonfurta Ameerika, gaar ahaan wadanada Jili, Boliifia, Ikwadoor iyo Kolombiya. Intaasi waxaa dheer noocyo badan oo lagu qiyaaso ilaa 200 oo ah barandho duur-joog ah oo ka baxda keymaha iyo duurka. In ku dhow 100 nooc oo lagu diyaariyay shaybaadhka ayaa iyaguna ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee barandhaha. Kuwani waxay noqon karaan kuwo ka kooban boqolaal nooc oo la isku keenay oo laga soo soocay baradho kala duwan. Bixitaanka barandhadu waxay u baahan tahay biyo badan, cimilo qaboow iyo caro nafaqo leh taasi oo si fiican looga heli karo wadanada ka fog dhulbadhaha.
Geedka barandhaha waxaa markii ugu horeeysay lagu dhaqan jiray deegaanada Koonfurta Ameerika sida wadanka Peru iyo waqooyi-bari Boliifia wakhti imika laga joogo 8,000 ilaa 10,000 sano ka hor. Wakhtiyadaasi wixii ka dambeeyay ayay si tartiib ah ugu fiday dunida dacaladeeda. In kastoo ay baradhadu asal ku ahayd qaarada Koonfurta Ameerika, waxay dunida inteeda kale soo gaadhay wakhtigii uu gumaystihii Isbaanishka qabsaday qaaradaas, ka dibna u soo bandhigey Yurub midhaha barandhaha ee uu ka keenay deegaanadaasi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaanshaha carada iyo cimilada ayaa keentay ineey guuldaro kala kulmaan dhaqashada barandhaha Yurub dhexdeeda. Goortaas wixii ka dambeeyay ayaa gumeeystihii reer Yurub bilaabeen ineey ku fidiyaan wadanada ay wakhtiyadaasi maamuli jireen ee ku yaalay qaaradaha Afrika, Aasiya iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika.
Sida ay sheegtay hay'ada Cuntada Beeraha iyo Dalaga ee Qaramada Midoobay sheegtay waxsoo saarka barandhaha dunidu wuxuu ahaa sanadkii 2013kii ilaa 368 milyan ton.[1] Qiyaastii labo meelood baradhaha la soo saaro waxaa cuna aadamaha, halka inta soo hadhay la quudiyo xoolaha iyo xayawaanka, ama loo isticmaalo si looga sameeyo alaab. Tusaale ahaan, qaarada Yurub barandhuhu waa quudka ugu muhiimsan nolosha maalinle ee aadamaha, taasi oo lagu qiyaaso in qof kasta uu ugu yaraan maalintii hal mar cunto baradho leh isticmaalo. Laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2007da wadanka Shiinaha wuxuu noqday midka ugu horeeya ee soo saara barandhaha dunida, waxaana la sheegay in sadex meelood hal meel laga beero wadankaasi. Wadanka labaad waa Hindiya oo soo saarto tiro aad u badan oo lagu isticmaalo gudaha iyo dibada wadankaasi.[2] [3]
| Wax Soo-saarka Barandhaha, 2003dii | |||
| Wadanka | milyan mitir ton | ||
|---|---|---|---|
 Shiinaha | 88.9 | ||
 Hindiya | 45.3 | ||
 Ruushka | 30.2 | ||
 Ukrain | 22.3 | ||
 Maraykanka | 19.8 | ||
 Jarmalka | 9.7 | ||
 Faransiiska | 7.0 | ||
 Bangladesh | 8.6 | ||
 Holland | 6.8 | ||
 Boland | 6.3 | ||
| Wadar | 368.1 | ||
Khudaarta maalin walba dadku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwo dhariga loo isticmaalo iyo kuwo bisil oo sideeda lagu cuno. Isku soo wada duub qaar hoos waxaad ku arki in ka mid ah guud ahaan khudaarta.
| Khudaar |  |
|---|---|
| Khudaarta Bisil (fruit) | |
| Babaay · Liin Macaan · Liin Dhanaan · Liin Bambeelmo · Liin Qarboosh · Tufaax · Muus · Cambe · Canabka · Qare · | |
| Khudaarta dheriga (vegetable) | |
Barandhe · Basal · tamaandhada · toonta · Dabocase · besbaaska · tamaandhada · saladhka · toonta · kaarootka
· | |
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