Voiceless bilabial plosive

The voiceless bilabial stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨p⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨p⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "p" in pear and paper.

Voiceless bilabial plosive
p
IPA Number	101
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	p
Unicode (hex)	U+0070
X-SAMPA	p

Features

• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
• The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
• The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is bilabial. This means that this sound is produced with both lips.
• The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)

Examples

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning
Adyghe		паӏо/paio	[paːʔʷa]	'hat'
Arabic	Algerian	پاپيش/pāpīš	[paːpiːʃ]	'beautiful girls'
	Hejazi	پول/pōl	[po̞ːl]	'Paul'
	Egyptian	كبش/kabš	[kɛpʃ]	'ram'
Armenian	Eastern[1]	պապիկ/papik	[pɑpik]	'grandpa'
Assyrian		ܦܬܐ pata	[pata]	'face'
Basque		harrapatu	[(h)arapatu]	'to catch'
Bengali	Eastern	পানি/panī	[paniː]	'water'
Catalan[2]		por	[ˈpɔ(ɾ)]	'fear'
Chinese	Cantonese	爆炸 / baauja	[paːu˧ t͡saː˧]	'explosion'
	Mandarin	爆炸 / bàozhà	[pɑʊ˥˩ tʂa˥˩]
Chuvash		путене/putene	[put̬ʲɛ'nɛ]	'quail'
Czech		pes	[pɛs]	'dog'
Danish	Standard[3]	bog	[ˈpɔ̽ʊ̯ˀ]	'book'
Dutch[4]		plicht	[plɪxt]
English		pack	[pʰæk]	'pack'
Esperanto		tempo	[ˈtempo]	'time'
Filipino		pato	[paˈto]	'duck'
Finnish		pappa	[ˈpɑpːɑ]	'grandpa'
French[5]		pomme	[pɔm]	'apple'
German		Pack	[pʰak]	'pile'
Greek		πόδι / pódi	[ˈpo̞ði]	'leg'
Gujarati		પગ/pag	[pəɡ]	'foot'
Hebrew		פּקיד/pakid	[pakid]	'clerk'
Hindustani	Urdu	پل/pal	[pəl]	'moment'
	Hindi	पल / pal
Hungarian		pápa	[ˈpaːpɒ]	'pope'
Italian[6]		papà	[paˈpa]	'dad'
Japanese[7]		ポスト / posuto	[posɯto]	'mailbox'
Kabardian		пэ/pė	[pa]	'nose'
Khmer		ពន្យល់ / pônyól	[pɔnjɔl]	'to explain'
Korean		빛 / bit	[pit̚]	'light'
Kurdish	Northern	por	[ˈpʰoːɾ]	'hair'
	Central	پیرۆزە/píroze	[pʰiːɾoːzæ]	'lammergeier'
	Southern	پۊنگه/pûûnga	[pʰʉːŋa]	'pennyroyal'
Lakota		púza	[ˈpʊza]	'dry'
Lithuanian		pastatas	[ˈpaːstɐtɐs]	'building'
Luxembourgish[8]		bëlleg	[ˈpələɕ]	'cheap'
Macedonian		пее/pee	[pɛː]	'sing'
Malay		panas	[pänäs]	'hot'
Maltese		aptit	[apˈtit]	'appetite'
Marathi		पाऊस/paa'uus/pā'ūs	[pɑːˈuːs]	'rain'
Mutsun		po·čor	[poːt͡ʃor]	'a sore'
Nepali		पिता/pitā	[pit̪ä]	'father'
Norwegian		pappa	[pɑpːɑ]	'dad'
Odia		ପଥର/pathara	[pɔʈʰɔrɔ]	'stone'
Pashto		پانير/pa'nir	[pɑˈnir]	'cheese'
Persian		پول/pul	[pul]	'money'
Pirahã		pibaóí	[ˈpìbàóí̯]	'otter'
Polish[9]		pas	[päs]	'belt'
Portuguese[10]		pai	[paj]	'father'
Punjabi		ਪੱਤਾ/pattaa/pattā	[pət̪ːäː]	'leaf'
Romanian		pas	[pas]	'step'
Russian[11]		плод/plod	[pɫot̪]	'fruit'
Serbo-Croatian[12]		пиће / piće	[pǐːt͡ɕě]	'drink'
Slovak		pes	[pɛ̝s]	'dog'
Spanish[13]		peso	[ˈpe̞so̞]	'weight'
Swahili		pombe	[ˈpoᵐbɛ]	'beer'
Swedish		apa	[ˈɑːˌpa]	'monkey'
Thai		แป้ง/paeng	[pɛ̂ːŋ]	'powder'
Tsez		пу/pu	[pʰu]	'side'
Turkish		kap	[kʰäp]	'pot'
Ukrainian[14]		павук/pavuk	[pɐˈβ̞uk]	'spider'
Vietnamese[15]		nhíp	[ɲip˧ˀ˥]	'tweezers'
Welsh		siop	[ʃɔp]	'shop'
West Frisian		panne	[ˈpɔnə]	'pan'
Yi		ꀠ / ba	[pa˧]	'exchange'
Central Alaskan Yup'ik		panik	[panik]	'daughter'
Zapotec	Tilquiapan[16]	pan	[paŋ]	'bread'

Notes

1. Dum-Tragut (2009:17)
2. Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
3. Basbøll (2005:61)
4. Gussenhoven (1992:45)
5. Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
6. Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
7. Okada (1999:117)
8. Gilles & Trouvain (2013:67–68)
9. Jassem (2003:103)
10. Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
11. Padgett (2003:42)
12. Landau et al. (1999), p. 66.
13. Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
14. Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
15. Thompson (1959:458–461)
16. Merrill (2008:108)

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
• Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
• Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
• Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
• Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
• Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
• Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
• Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
• Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
• Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
• Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
• Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
• Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
• Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
• Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344