Pentane

Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C
₅H
₁₂. It is an alkane with five carbon atoms. Usually, "pentane" represents all three isomers (n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane). But in the IUPAC, pentane only represents n-pentane. In the IUPAC, the other two isomers is 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane. Cyclopentane's chemical formula is C
₅H
₁₀, so it is not an isomer of pentane.

Pentane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Pentane
Other names Quintane[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number	109-66-0 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	969132
ChEBI	CHEBI:37830 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL16102 Y
ChemSpider	7712 Y
DrugBank	DB03119 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.358
EC Number	203-692-4
Gmelin Reference	1766
MeSH	pentane
PubChem CID	8003
RTECS number	RZ9450000
UNII	4FEX897A91 Y
UN number	1265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2025846
SMILES CCCCC
Properties[2]
Chemical formula	C5H12
Molar mass	72.15 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like[3]
Density	0.626 g mL−1; 0.6262 g mL−1 (at 20 °C)
Melting point	−130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K
Boiling point	35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K
Solubility in water	40 mg L−1 (at 20 °C)
log P	3.255
Vapor pressure	57.90 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
kH	7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa)	~45
Basicity (pKb)	~59
λmax	200 nm
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-63.05·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.358
Viscosity	0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298	−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo298	−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1
Standard molar entropy So298	263.47 J K−1 mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C	167.19 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704	4 1 0
Explosive limits	1.5–7.8%[3]
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL)	TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)[3]
Related compounds
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Isomers

Common name	normal pentane unbranched pentane n-pentane	isopentane	neopentane
IUPAC name	pentane	2-methylbutane	2,2-dimethylpropane
Molecular diagram
Skeletal diagram

Reaction

All isomers of pentane burn with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water:

C
₅H
₁₂+8O
₂->5CO
₂+6H
₂O.

References

1. Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840. Retrieved 4 April 2018 – via rspl.royalsocietypublishing.org.
2. Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.
3. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).