Propane

Propane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C
₃H
₈. It is an alkane with three carbon atoms. It is used in fuels.

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Propane

Skeletal formula of propane Skeletal formula of propane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of propane Spacefill model of propane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Propane[2]
Systematic IUPAC name Tricarbane (never recommended[2])
Identifiers
CAS Number	74-98-6 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	1730718
ChEBI	CHEBI:32879 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL135416 Y
ChemSpider	6094 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.753
EC Number	200-827-9
E number	E944 (glazing agents, ...)
Gmelin Reference	25044
KEGG	D05625 Y
PubChem CID	6334
RTECS number	TX2275000
UNII	T75W9911L6 Y
UN number	1978
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID501019643 DTXSID5026386, DTXSID501019643
SMILES CCC
Properties[3]
Chemical formula	C3H8
Molar mass	44.10 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.0098 kg/m3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa)
Melting point	−187.7 °C; −305.8 °F; 85.5 K
Boiling point	−42.25 to −42.04 °C; −44.05 to −43.67 °F; 230.90 to 231.11 K
Solubility in water	47 mg⋅L−1 (at 0 °C)
log P	2.236
Vapor pressure	853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F))
kH	15 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1
Conjugate acid	Propanium
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−40.5 × 10−6 cm3/mol
Dipole moment	0.083 D[4]
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298	−105.2–104.2 kJ⋅mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo298	−2.2197–2.2187 MJ⋅mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C	73.60 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704	4 2 0
Explosive limits	2.37–9.5%
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL)	TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)[5]
Related compounds
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Related compounds	{{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

It begins to burn very quickly. Its melting temperature is −187.7 °C; its boiling temperature is −42 °C; its density is 1.83 g/l.

Propane is extracted from natural gasoline or from petroleum.

Sources

1. GOV, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US. "PROPANE – CAMEO Chemicals – NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
3. Record of Propane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4. Lide, David R., Jr. (1960). "Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane". J. Chem. Phys. 33 (5): 1514–1518. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1514L. doi:10.1063/1.1731434.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
5. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0524". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).