Antipope

Antipope is a term of the Roman Catholic Church in the context of its official list of popes.^[1] An antipope is not included in the list of popes in the Vatican's annual directory, Annuario Pontificio^[2]

An antipope is a pretender who falsely claims to be pope or who wrongly opposes the legitimate and recognized pope.^[3]

The existence or claims of an antipope produces a schism in the Roman Catholic Church. A conflict is caused by those who are opposing the authority of the pope.^[4]

List of antipopes (Mercati's List)[5]

Coat of Arms	Antipope	Image	Latin Name	Secular Name	Place of Birth	Pontificate	Age
	Hippolytus		Hippolytus		Asia Minor, Roman Empire (Turkey)	217–235	III
	Novatian		Novatianus			March 251 – 258
	Felix II		Felix Secundus			355 – 22 November 365	IV
	Ursinus		Ursinus			September 366 – November 367
	Eulalius		Eulalius			27 December or 29 December 418 – 3 April 419	V
	Laurentius		Laurentius			1) 22 November 498 – February 499 2) 501–505
	Dioscorus					22 September 530 – 14 October 530	VI
	Theodorus		Theodorus			687	VII
	Paschal		Paschalis			687
	Constantine II		Constantinus Secundus			5 July 767 – 6 August 768	VIII
	Philip		Philippus			31 July 768
	John VIII		Ioannes Octavus			January 844	IX
	Anastasius III		Anastasius Tertius			August 855 – September 855
	Christopher		Christophorus		Rome, Papal States (Italy)	July or September 903 – January 904	X
	Boniface VII Again		Bonifacius Septimus	Franco	Italy	August 984 – July 985
	John XVI		Ioannes Sextus Decimus	John Philagathus (Filogatos)	Rossano, County of Calabria (Italy)	April 997 – February 998
	Gregory VI		Gregorius Sextus			1012	XI
	Benedict X		Benedictus Decimus	Giovanni Mincius	Rome, Papal States (Italy)	5 April 1058 – 24 January 1059
	Honorius II		Honorius Secundus	Peter Cadalus	Rome, Papal States (Italy)	28 October 1061 – 1064/1072
	Clement III		Clemens Tertius	Wibert of Ravenna	Parma, Holy Roman Empire (Italy)	1) 26 June 1080 2) 24 May 1084 – 8 September 1100
	Theodoric		Theodoricus			September 1100 – January 1101	XII
	Albert		Albertus		Italy	February – March 1102
	Sylvester IV		Silvester Quartus	Maginulf	Germany or Italy	18 November 1105 – 12 April 1111
	Gregory VIII		Gregorius Octavus	Maurice	Limousin, Kingdom of France (France)	8 March 1118 – April 1121
	Anacletus II		Anacletus Secundus	Pietro Pierleoni OSB	Rome, Papal States (Italy)	14 February 1130 – 25 January 1138
	Victor IV		Victor Quartus	Gregorio de Ceccano	Ceccano, Papal States (Italy)	March 1138 – 29 May 1138
	Victor IV		Victor Quartus	Ottaviano de Monticello	Rome, Papal States (Italy)	7 September 1159 – 20 April 1164
	Paschal III		Paschalis Tertius	Guido di Crema	Crema, Holy Roman Empire (Italy)	22 April 1164 – 20 September 1168
	Callistus III		Callistus Tertius	Giovanni de Struma OSB	Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire (Italy)	September 1168 – 29 August 1178
	Innocent III		Innocentius Tertius	Lando de Sittino	Lazio, Papal States (Italy)	29 September 1179 – January 1180
	Nicholas V		Nicolaus Quintus	Pietro Rainalducci OFM	Borgorose, Italy	May 12, 1328 –August 25, 1330	XIV
	Clement VII		Clemens Septimus	Robert of Geneva	Geneva, Holy Roman Empire (Switzerland)	September 20, 1378 – September 16, 1394
	Benedict XIII		Benedictus Tertius Decimus	Pedro de Luna	Illueca, Spain	September 28, 1394 – July 26, 1417
	Alexander V		Alexander Quintus	Pietro Philarghi OFM	Crete, Republic of Venice (Greece)	June 26, 1409 – May 3, 1410	XV
	John XXIII		Ioannes Vicesimus Tertius	Baldassare Cossa	Naples, Kingdom of Naples (Italy)	May 17, 1410 – May 29, 1415
	Felix V		Felix Quintus	Amadeus VIII	Chambéry, Duchy of Savoy (France)	November 5, 1439 – April 7, 1449

References

1. "List of Popes," Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2011-11-8.
2. Curia Romana. (2008). Annuario Pontificio, p. 12; excerpt, "... we come across elections in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of Saint Peter. The uncertainty that in some cases results has made it advisable to abandon the assignation of successive numbers in the list of the popes."
3. "Antipope" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
4. Lieber, Francis (1835). Encyclopædia Americana: A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics, and Biography, Brought Down to the Present Time; Including a Copious Collection of Original Articles in American Biography; on the Basis of the Seventh Edition of the German Conversations-lexicon. Desilver, Thomas, & Company. p. 280.
5. "Papacy - Popes, Antipopes, Succession | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-10-24.

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