2016 United States presidential election

The 2016 United States presidential election was the 58th presidential election that was held on November 8, 2016. Businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated former U.S. secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. senator Tim Kaine on the Republican Party ticket.^[3]

2016 United States presidential election

← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →
538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout	60.1%[1] 1.5 pp
Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine Electoral vote 304[a] 227[a] States carried 30 + ME-02 20 + DC Popular vote 62,984,828[2] 65,853,514[2] Percentage 46.1% 48.2%
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump/Pence and blue denotes those won by Clinton/Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia. On election night, Trump won 306 electors and Clinton 232. However, because of seven faithless electors (five Democratic and two Republican), Trump received 304 votes and Clinton 227.
President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican

Then-incumbent President Barack Obama was term limited by the Twenty-second amendment, which made him unable to serve a third presidential term. Former secretary of state Hillary Clinton won the Democratic nomination. Trump became his party's front-runner against many candidates in the Republican primary, defeating Senator Ted Cruz, Senator Marco Rubio, and Ohio Governor John Kasich among other candidates.

Many third-party candidates ran, such as Gary Johnson. Trump chose Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate, and Clinton chose U.S. senator Tim Kaine as her running mate.

Trump received 304 electoral votes, 34 more votes than what was needed to win, while Clinton received 227.^[4] Even though Trump lost the popular vote, the electoral votes decide the actual winner of the election. Trump took office on January 20, 2017.

Background

Article Two of the United States Constitution says that for a person to be elected and serve as President of the United States, they must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United States for a period of no less than 14 years.

Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf.

President Barack Obama was unable to seek re-election for a third term because of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states that a president may only serve up to two terms. His term as president ended at noon eastern standard time on January 20, 2017.^[5][6]

Democratic Party

Main articles: Democratic Party (United States); Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016; and Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016

Nominees

Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party Ticket, 2016
Hillary Clinton	Tim Kaine
for President	for Vice President
67th U.S. Secretary of State (2009–2013)	U.S. Senator from Virginia (2013-present)
Campaign
[7][8][9]

Withdrawn candidates

Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries
Bernie Sanders	Rocky De La Fuente	Martin O'Malley	Lawrence Lessig	Lincoln Chafee	Jim Webb
U.S. Senator from Vermont (2007–present)	Entrepreneur (1979–present)	61st Governor of Maryland (2007–2015)	Harvard Law Professor (2009–2016)	74th Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015)	U.S. Senator from Virginia (2007–2013)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
LN: July 26, 2016 13,167,848 primary votes and 1,846 delegates	LN: July 26, 2016 67,457 primary votes	W: February 1, 2016 110,423 votes	W: November 2, 2015 4 write-in votes in New Hampshire	W: October 23, 2015 0 votes	W: October 20, 2015 2 write-in votes in New Hampshire
[10]	[11]	[12][13]		[14]	[15]

Republican Party

Main articles: Republican Party (United States); Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016; and Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

Republican Party (United States) Republican Party Ticket, 2016
Donald Trump	Mike Pence
for President	for Vice President
Chairman of The Trump Organization (1971–2017)	50th Governor of Indiana (2013-2017)
Campaign
[16][17][18]

Withdrawn candidates

Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from race
John Kasich	Ted Cruz	Marco Rubio	Ben Carson	Jeb Bush	Jim Gilmore	Carly Fiorina	Chris Christie
69th Governor of Ohio (2011–present)	U.S. Senator from Texas (2013–present)	U.S. Senator from Florida (2011–present)	Dir. of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital (1984–2013)	43rd Governor of Florida (1999–2007)	68th Governor of Virginia (1998–2002)	CEO of Hewlett-Packard (1999–2005)	55th Governor of New Jersey (2010–present)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
W: May 4	W: May 3	W: Mar 15	W: Mar 4	W: Feb 20	W: Feb 12	W: Feb 10	W: Feb 10
[19]	[20][21][22]	[23][24][25]	[26][27][28]	[29][30]	[31]	[32][33]	[34][35]
Rand Paul	Rick Santorum	Mike Huckabee	George Pataki	Lindsey Graham	Bobby Jindal	Scott Walker	Rick Perry
U.S. Senator from Kentucky (2011–present)	U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (1995–2007)	44th Governor of Arkansas (1996–2007)	53rd Governor of New York (1995–2006)	U.S. Senator from South Carolina (2003–present)	55th Governor of Louisiana (2008–2016)	45th Governor of Wisconsin (2011–present)	47th Governor of Texas (2000–2015)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
W: Feb 3	W: Feb 3	W: Feb 1	W: Dec 29, 2015	W: Dec 21, 2015	W: Nov 17, 2015	W: Sept 21, 2015	W: Sept 11, 2015
[36][37][38]	[39][40]	[41][42]	[43]	[44][45]	[46][47]	[48][49]	[50][51]

Major third parties

Libertarian Party

Further information: Libertarian Party (United States)

Ballot access for the Libertarian Party

  On ballot

Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes^[52]

Nominees

Libertarian Party Ticket, 2016
Gary Johnson	Bill Weld
for President	for Vice President
29th Governor of New Mexico (1995–2003)	68th Governor of Massachusetts (1991-1997)
Campaign
[53][54]

Withdrawn candidates

• Robert David Steele, activist and author from Virginia; candidate for the Reform Party's nomination in 2012. Suspended campaign on January 6, 2016^[55][56][57]
• Marc Allan Feldman, Anesthesiologist at The Cleveland Clinic (since 1998). Suspended after convention^[58]
• John McAfee, businessman and computer scientist, founder of McAfee. Suspended after convention^[59][60]
• Austin Petersen, businessman and founder and CEO of Stonegait, LLC. Suspended after convention. Endorsed Gary Johnson^[61][62]
• Vermin Supreme, performance artist and activist; candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination in 2012 and 2016. Suspended after convention.^[63]

• 
  Activist
  Robert David Steele
  of Virginia
• 
  Anesthesiologist
  Marc Allan Feldman
  of Ohio
• 
  Businessman
  John McAfee
  of Tennessee
• 
  Businessman
  Austin Petersen
  of Missouri
  Endorsed Gary Johnson
• 
  Activist
  Vermin Supreme
  of New Hampshire

Constitution Party

Further information: Constitution Party of the United States and Constitution Party presidential primaries, 2016

Ballot access to 207 electoral votes (451 with write-in):^[64][65] –

  On ballot

  Write-in

  Not on ballot

• As write-in: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia^{[64][66][67][68][69]}
• No ballot access: California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma

Nominees

Constitution Party ticket, 2016
Darrell Castle	Scott Bradley
for President	for Vice President
Attorney from Memphis, Tennessee	Businessman from Utah
Campaign
[70]

Green Party

Further information: Green Party of the United States and Green Party presidential primaries, 2016

Ballot access for the Green Party

  On ballot

  Not on ballot, write-in access

  Not on ballot

Ballot access to 493(451) electoral votes:^[71] Ballot access currently in process: North Dakota, Rhode Island, Wyoming

States currently under litigation for ballot access: Nevada, Oklahoma

States with no ballot access: South Dakota
As write-in: Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina.^[72][73]

Nominees

Green Party (United States) Presumptive Green Party Ticket, 2016
Jill Stein	Ajamu Baraka
for President	for Vice President
Physician from Lexington, Massachusetts	Activist from Washington, D.C.
Campaign
[74]

Other active candidates

• Darryl Cherney, Earth First! organizer and musician from California^[75]
• Sedinam Curry, 29th People's National Convention organizer from California^[75]
• William Kreml, Professor Emeritus of University of South Carolina from South Carolina. Endorsed Jill Stein^[75]
• Kent Mesplay, Inspector at the Air Pollution Control District of San Diego County (2001-2015) from California. Endorsed Jill Stein^[75]

• 
  Musician
  Darryl Cherney
  of California
• 
  Professor
  William Kreml
  of South Carolina
  Endorsed Jill Stein
• 
  Inspector
  Kent Mesplay
  of California
  Endorsed Jill Stein

Withdrawn candidates

• Midge Potts, transgender peace activist from Missouri. Suspended campaign during primaries^[76]

• 
  Activist
  Midge Potts
  of Missouri

American Delta Party and Reform Party

  Access to ballot

  Write-in

See the main article: Rocky De La Fuente presidential campaign, 2016

Ballot access to 147 electoral votes (305 with write-in)

• On the ballot: Alaska, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming
• As write-in: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia
• No ballot access: California, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming

American Delta Party and Reform Party ticket, 2016
Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente	Michael Steinberg
for President	for Vice President
Business Tycoon	Lawyer from Florida
Campaign

Independents

  Access to ballot

  Write-in

See the main article: Evan McMullin presidential campaign, 2016

Ballot access to 84 electoral votes (451 with write-in):^[77]

• As write-in: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin^{[77][78][79][80][81][82][83]}
• No ballot access: District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming

Independent ticket, 2016
Evan McMullin	Mindy Finn
for President	for Vice President
Chief policy director for the House Republican Conference (2015–2016)	President of Empowered Women (2015–present)
Campaign
[84]

Other parties

American Freedom Party

Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi^[85]

• Bob Whitaker, white nationalist and paleoconservative political activist from South Carolina.^[86] Vice-presidential nominee: Tom Bowie, from Maryland^[87]

Independent American Party

Ballot Access to 18 Electoral Votes: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah^[88]

• Farley Anderson, activist from Utah.^[88] Vice Presidential nominee: Vacant

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Ballot Access to 29 electoral votes: Florida^[89]

• Gloria La Riva, newspaper printer and activist from New Mexico; 2008 presidential nominee; vice-presidential nominee: Eugene Puryear^[90]

Prohibition Party

Further information: Prohibition Party

Ballot Access to 21 electoral votes: Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi^[91][92][93]

• James Hedges, Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania 2002–2007;^[94][95] vice-presidential nominee: Bill Bayes of Mississippi^[94]

Peace and Freedom Party & Party of Socialism and Liberation

Ballot Access to 84 electoral votes: California, Florida^[96][97]

• Gloria La Riva, newspaper printer and activist, from New Mexico^[98]

Socialist Party USA

Ballot Access to 0 electoral votes^[93]

• Mimi Soltysik, former National Co-chair of the Socialist Party USA from California;^[99] vice-presidential nominee: Angela Walker of Wisconsin^[99]

Nutrition Party

Ballot Access to 9 electoral votes: Colorado^[91]

• Rod Silva, restaurateur from New Jersey;^[100][101] Vice-presidential nominee: Vacant

Veterans Party of America

Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi^[102]

• Chris Keniston, reliability engineer from Texas;^[103] vice-presidential nominee: Deacon Taylor of Nevada^[104]

Workers World Party

Ballot Access to 0 electoral votes

• Monica Moorehead, perennial candidate and activist from New Jersey;^[105] vice-Presidential nominee: Lamont Lilly^[105]

Battleground states

Battleground states during the election were: Nevada, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Florida, New Hampshire, Maine, Ohio and North Carolina. Trump won Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, Florida and a congressional district in Maine. Clinton won Nevada, New Hampshire and Maine. Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania were seen as likely 'Blue' states, but Trump won all three states in what was seen as a political upset.

Party conventions

Philadelphia

Cleveland

Orlando

Houston

Salt Lake City

  Democratic Party

  Republican Party

  Libertarian Party

  Green Party

  Constitution Party

  Reform Party

Democratic Party

See the main article: 2016 Democratic National Convention

• July 25–28, 2016: Democratic National Convention to be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[106]

Republican Party

See the main article: 2016 Republican National Convention

• July 18–21, 2016: Republican National Convention to be held in Cleveland, Ohio.^[107][108]

Green Party

See the main article: 2016 Green National Convention

• August 4–7, 2016: Green National Convention was held in Houston, Texas.^[109][110]

Libertarian Party

See the main article: 2016 Libertarian National Convention

• May 26–30, 2016: Libertarian National Convention to be held in Orlando, Florida.^[111][112]

Constitution Party

See the main article: 2016 Constitution Party National Convention

• April 13–16, 2016: Constitution Party National Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah.^[113]

Reform Party

See the main article: 2016 Reform Party National Convention

• July 29–31, 2016: Reform Party National Convention was held in Bohemia, New York.^[114]

Debates

On April 1, 2015, the Commission on Presidential Debates a (CPD) announced that each of the following 16 locations are under consideration to host one of the three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate:^[115]

• Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee
• Birmingham, Alabama
• Dominican University of California in San Rafael, California
• Eastern Kentucky University in Richmond, Kentucky
• Georgia College & State University in Milledgeville, Georgia
• Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York
• Jacksonville University in Jacksonville, Florida
• Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia
• State University of New York Rockland Community College in Suffern, New York
• University of Nevada, Las Vegas
• Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
• West Virginia University and West Virginia State University in Charleston, West Virginia
• Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio
• Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas
• Houston Community College in Houston, Texas
• McAllen, Texas

The three locations which will host the presidential debates and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate are to be announced by the CPD in the fall of 2015.^[115][116]

Results

Candidate		Party	Votes	%		Electoral votes
	Donald Trump	Republican	62,984,825	46.09%		304
	Hillary Clinton	Democratic	65,853,516	48.18%		227
	Gary Johnson	Libertarian	4,489,221	3.28%		0
	Jill Stein	Green Party	1,457,216	1.07%		0
	Evan McMullin	Independent	731,788	0.54%		0
	Darrell Castle	Constitution	203,010	0.15%		0
	Gloria La Riva	Peace and Freedom	74,392	0.05%		0
	Rocky De La Fuente	Reform Party of the United States of America	33,136	0.03%		0
	Richard Duncan	Independent	24,308	0%		0
	Dan Vacek	Legal Marijuana Now Party	13,538	0%		0
	Alyson Kennedy	Socialist Workers Party	12,467	0%		0
	Chris Keniston	Veterans Party of America	7,251	0%		0
	Mike Maturen	American Solidarity Party	6,797	0%		0
	James Hedges	Prohibition Party	5,617	0%		0
	Tom Hoefling	America's Party	4,856	0%		0
	Monica Moorehead	Workers World Party	4,319	0%		0
	Laurence Kotlikoff	Independent	3,603	0%		0
	Peter Skewes	American Party	3,246	0%		0
	Rocky Giordani	Independent American Party	2,752	0%		0
	Mimi Soltysik	Socialist Party USA	2,705	0%		0
	Rod Silva	Nutrition Party	751	0%		0
	Jerome White	Socialist Equality Party	382	0%		0
Total			136,669,237	100%		538

Margin of victory

• Blue shows Clinton's margin of victory over Trump, while red shows Trump's margin of victory over Clinton.

State	Trump %	Clinton %	Margin
Alabama	62.1%	34.4%	27.7%
Alaska	51.3%	36.6%	14.7%
Arizona	48.7%	45.1%	3.6%
Arkansas	60.6%	33.7%	26.9%
California	31.6%	61.7%	30.1%
Colorado	43.3%	48.2%	4.9%
Connecticut	40.9%	54.6%	13.7%
Delaware	41.7%	53.1%	11.4%
District of Columbia	4.1%	90.5%	86.4%
Florida	49.0%	47.8%	1.2%
Georgia	50.8%	45.6%	5.2%
Hawaii	30.0%	62.2%	32.2%
Idaho	59.3%	27.5%	31.8%
Illinois	38.8%	55.8%	17.0%
Indiana	56.8%	37.9%	18.9%
Iowa	51.2%	41.7%	9.5%
Kansas	56.7%	36.1%	20.6%
Kentucky	62.5%	32.7%	29.8%
Louisiana	58.1%	38.5%	19.6%
Maine	44.9%	47.8%	2.9%
Maryland	33.9%	60.3%	26.4%
Massachusetts	32.8%	60.0%	27.2%
Michigan	47.5%	47.3%	0.2%
Minnesota	44.9%	46.4%	1.5%
Mississippi	57.9%	40.1%	17.8%
Missouri	56.8%	38.1%	18.7%
Montana	56.2%	35.8%	20.4%
Nebraska	58.8%	33.7%	25.1%
Nevada	45.5%	47.9%	2.4%
New Hampshire	46.6%	47.0%	0.4%
New Jersey	41.0%	55.0%	14.0%
New Mexico	40.0%	48.3%	8.3%
New York	36.5%	59.0%	22.5%
North Carolina	49.8%	46.2%	3.6%
North Dakota	63.0%	27.2%	35.8%
Ohio	51.7%	43.6%	8.1%
Oklahoma	65.3%	28.9%	36.4%
Oregon	39.1%	50.1%	11.0%
Pennsylvania	48.2%	47.5%	0.7%
Rhode Island	38.9%	54.4%	15.5%
South Carolina	54.9%	40.7%	14.2%
South Dakota	61.5%	31.7%	29.8%
Tennessee	60.7%	34.7%	26.0%
Texas	52.2%	43.2%	9.0%
Utah	45.5%	27.5%	18.0%
Vermont	30.3%	56.7%	26.4%
Virginia	44.4%	49.7%	5.3%
Washington	36.8%	52.5%	15.7%
West Virginia	68.5%	26.4%	42.1%
Wisconsin	47.2%	46.5%	0.7%
Wyoming	67.4%	21.6%	45.8%

The following table shows the swing in each state compared to the 2012 election.

State	2016 Rep %	2012 Rep %	2016 Dem %	2012 Dem %	Rep Change	Dem Change
Alabama	62.1%	60.6%	34.4%	38.4%	+1.5%	–4.0%
Alaska	51.3%	54.8%	36.6%	40.8%	–3.5%	–4.2%
Arizona	48.7%	53.7%	45.1%	44.6%	–5.0%	+0.5%
Arkansas	60.6%	60.6%	33.7%	36.9%	0.0%	–3.2%
California	31.6%	37.1%	61.7%	60.2%	–5.5%	+1.5%
Colorado	43.3%	46.1%	48.2%	51.5%	–2.8%	–3.3%
Connecticut	40.9%	40.7%	54.6%	58.1%	+0.2%	–3.5%
Delaware	41.7%	40.0%	53.1%	58.6%	+1.7%	–5.5%
District of Columbia	4.1%	7.3%	90.5%	90.9%	–3.2%	–0.4%
Florida	49.0%	49.1%	47.8%	50.0%	–0.1%	–2.2%
Georgia	50.8%	53.3%	45.6%	45.5%	–2.5%	+0.1%
Hawaii	30.0%	27.8%	62.2%	70.6%	+2.2%	–8.4%
Idaho	59.3%	64.5%	27.5%	32.6%	–5.2%	–5.1%
Illinois	38.8%	40.7%	55.8%	57.6%	–1.9%	–1.8%
Indiana	56.8%	54.1%	37.9%	43.9%	+2.7%	–6.0%
Iowa	51.2%	46.2%	41.7%	52.0%	+5.0%	–10.3%
Kansas	56.7%	59.7%	36.1%	38.0%	–3.0%	–1.9%
Kentucky	62.5%	60.5%	32.7%	37.8%	+2.0%	–5.1%
Louisiana	58.1%	57.8%	38.5%	40.6%	+0.3%	–2.1%
Maine	44.9%	41.0%	47.8%	56.3%	+3.9%	–8.5%
Maryland	33.9%	35.9%	60.3%	62.0%	–2.0%	–1.7%
Massachusetts	32.8%	37.5%	60.0%	60.7%	–4.7%	–0.7%
Michigan	47.5%	44.7%	47.3%	54.2%	+2.8%	–6.9%
Minnesota	44.9%	45.0%	46.4%	52.7%	–0.1%	–6.3%
Mississippi	57.9%	55.3%	40.1%	43.8%	+2.6%	–3.7%
Missouri	56.8%	53.8%	38.1%	44.4%	+3.0%	–6.3%
Montana	56.2%	55.4%	35.8%	41.7%	+0.8%	–5.9%
Nebraska	58.8%	59.8%	33.7%	38.0%	–1.0%	–4.3%
Nevada	45.5%	45.7%	47.9%	52.4%	–0.2%	–4.5%
New Hampshire	46.6%	46.4%	47.0%	52.0%	+0.2%	–5.0%
New Jersey	41.0%	40.6%	55.0%	58.4%	+0.4%	–3.4%
New Mexico	40.0%	42.8%	48.3%	53.0%	–2.8%	–4.7%
New York	36.5%	35.2%	59.0%	63.4%	+1.3%	–4.4%
North Carolina	49.8%	50.4%	46.2%	48.4%	–0.6%	–2.2%
North Dakota	63.0%	58.3%	27.2%	38.7%	+4.7%	–11.5%
Ohio	51.7%	47.7%	43.6%	50.7%	+4.0%	–7.1%
Oklahoma	65.3%	66.8%	28.9%	33.2%	–1.5%	–4.3%
Oregon	39.1%	42.2%	50.1%	54.2%	–3.1%	–4.1%
Pennsylvania	48.2%	46.6%	47.5%	52.0%	+1.6%	–4.5%
Rhode Island	38.9%	35.2%	54.4%	62.7%	+3.7%	–8.3%
South Carolina	54.9%	54.6%	40.7%	44.1%	+0.3%	–3.4%
South Dakota	61.5%	57.9%	31.7%	39.9%	+3.6%	–8.2%
Tennessee	60.7%	59.5%	34.7%	39.1%	+1.2%	–4.4%
Texas	52.2%	57.2%	43.2%	41.4%	–5.0%	+1.8%
Utah	45.5%	72.8%	27.5%	24.8%	–27.3%	+2.7%
Vermont	30.3%	31.0%	56.7%	66.6%	–0.7%	–9.9%
Virginia	44.4%	47.3%	49.7%	51.2%	–2.9%	–1.5%
Washington	36.8%	41.3%	52.5%	56.2%	–4.5%	–3.7%
West Virginia	68.5%	62.3%	26.4%	35.5%	+6.2%	–9.1%
Wisconsin	47.2%	45.9%	46.5%	52.8%	+1.3%	–6.3%
Wyoming	67.4%	68.6%	21.6%	27.8%	–1.2%	–6.2%
Total	46.1%	47.2%	48.2%	51.1%	–1.1%	–2.9%

Notes

1. In state-by-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. They lost respectively two and five votes to faithless electors. Vice presidential candidates Pence and Kaine lost one and five votes, respectively. Three other votes by electors were invalidated and recast.

References

1. ("National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.)("Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 2017. Retrieved February 12, 2018.) ("Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2016". United States Census Bureau. May 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2017.)
2. "FEDERAL ELECTIONS 2016 -- Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). Federal Elections Commission. December 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
3. "In major upset, Donald Trump wins the presidency". CBS News.
4. "Clinton wins popular vote by nearly 2.9 million". Associated Press. December 22, 2016. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
5. Stout, Christopher Timothy; Le, Danvy (October 8, 2012). "Living the Dream: Barack Obama and Blacks' Changing Perceptions of the American Dream". Social Science Quarterly. 93 (5): 1338–1359. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00915.x. ISSN 0038-4941.
6. "Inaugural Address of PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA". The Black Scholar. 38 (4): 2–5. 2008. doi:10.1080/00064246.2008.11413464. ISSN 0006-4246. JSTOR 41069357. S2CID 147680023.
7. Chozick, Amy. "Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
8. Karni, Annie (April 12, 2015). "Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run". Politico. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
9. "Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. April 13, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
10. "Bernie Sanders endorses Hillary Clinton".
11. Berg-Andersson, Richard E. (2016). Tony Roza (ed.). "Democratic Delegation 2016". thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
12. Yglesias, Matthew (February 1, 2016) "Iowa Results: Martin O'Malley drops out after third place finish", Vox.com. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
13. Fritze, John (June 9, 2016). "Martin O'Malley endorses Hillary Clinton". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
14. Merica, Dan; LoBianco, Tom (October 23, 2015) "Lincoln Chafee drops out of Democratic primary race", CNN.com. Retrieved October 23, 2015
15. Walsh, Michael (October 20, 2015) "Jim Webb drops out of Democratic primary race", Yahoo! Politics. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
16. "Donald Trump is running for president". Business Insider. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
17. "Donald Trump announces presidential bid". The Washington Post. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
18. "Donald Trump FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
19. "John Kasich FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. July 23, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
20. Mascaro, Lisa and David Lauter (March 22, 2015). "Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
21. Zezima, Katie (March 23, 2015). "Ted Cruz Announces He's Running for President". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
22. "Ted Cruz FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. March 23, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
23. Parker, Ashley (April 13, 2015). "Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
24. Nelson, Rebecca (April 13, 2015) "Marco Rubio Makes His Pitch as the Fresh Face of the GOP in 2016", National Journal. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
25. "Marco Rubio FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. April 13, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
26. Terris, Ben (May 3, 2015). "Ben Carson announces presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
27. Rafferty , Andrew (May 4, 2015). "Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run". NBCNews.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
28. "Ben Carson FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
29. Rafferty, Andrew (June 15, 2015). "Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official". NBC News. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
30. "Jeb Bush FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 15, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
31. "Jim Gilmore FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. July 29, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
32. Gass, Nick (May 4, 2015). "Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president'". Politico. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
33. "Carly Fiorina FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
34. Barbaro, Michael (June 30, 2015). "Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging 'Truth' About Nation's Woes". New York Times. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
35. "Christopher J. Christie FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. July 1, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
36. Lambert, Lisa (April 7, 2015). "Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
37. Killough, Ashley (April 7, 2015). "Rand Paul: 'I am running for president'". CNN. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
38. "Rand Paul FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
39. Jackson, David (May 27, 2015). "Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign". USA Today. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
40. "Rick Santorum FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. May 27, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
41. Trip, Gabriel (May 5, 2015). "Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race". New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
42. "Mike Huckabee FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
43. "George Pataki FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 2, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
44. Jaffe, Alexandra (June 1, 2015) "Graham bets on foreign experience in White House bid announcement", CNN. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
45. "Lindsey Graham FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 1, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
46. Fahrenthold, David A.; Hohmann, James (June 24, 2015). "Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 24, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
47. "Bobby Jindal FEC Filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 29, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
48. Burlij, Terence; Lee, MJ; LoBianco, Tom (July 13, 2015). "Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race". CNN.com. Retrieved July 13, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
49. "Scott Walker FEC filing". FEC. FEC.gov. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
50. Beckwith , Ryan Teague; Rhodan, Maya (June 4, 2015). "Rick Perry Announces Presidential Bid". Time. Retrieved June 4, 2015.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
51. "Rick Perry FEC filing" (PDF). FEC.gov. June 19, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
52. "2016 Presidential Ballot Access Map". Libertarian Party. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2016. / "Unofficial List Page 1 of 7 : Candidates for President For GENERAL ELECTION 11/08/2016 Election" (PDF). Njelections.org. Retrieved 2016-07-30. / Lesiak, Krzysztof (2016-07-31). "Gary Johnson secures ballot access in Pennsylvania". American Third Party Report. Archived from the original on 2016-08-20. Retrieved 2016-08-01. / "Federal Nominations filed for the 2016 General Election". Elections.nj.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-12. Retrieved 2016-08-02. / "Libertarian Petition in Massachusetts Has Enough Valid Signatures | Ballot Access News". ballot-access.org. Retrieved 2016-08-08. / DC Board of Elections – Candidate List
53. Collins, Eliza (January 6, 2016). "Libertarian Gary Johnson launches presidential bid". Politico. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
54. "Gary Johnson FEC filing", FEC.gov.
55. "Robert David Steele Seeking Libertarian Presidential Nomination, Wants to Create Coalition to End "Two Party Tyranny"". Independent Political Report. June 16, 2015. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
56. "Robert Steele Declares for Libertarian Nomination". We The People Reform Coalition. June 16, 2015. Archived from the original on June 19, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
57. "Robert Steele: I am no longer a candidate for the Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination". Independent Political Report. January 6, 2016. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
58. "Cleveland doc who never voted till age 50 is ready to run for president in 2016". Modern Healthcare. 26 November 2008.
59. Swartz, Jon (December 24, 2015). "McAfee will run as Libertarian Party candidate for president". USA Today. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
60. "John McAfee FEC filing", FEC.gov.
61. "Austin Petersen for President". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
62. "Austin Petersen FEC filing", FEC.gov.
63. Presidential Candidate Switches to the Libertarian Party
64. "Ballot access | The Constitution Party". www.constitutionparty.com. 9 February 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
65. Winger, Richard (September 7, 2016). "North Dakota Says All Three Independent Presidential Petitions are Valid". Ballot Access News.
66. "2016 Election Information". azsos.gov. Arizona Secretary of State. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
67. Kemp, Brian (September 12, 2016). "Qualifying Candidate Information". sos.ga.gov. Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
68. "2016 Candidate Listing". elections.state.md.us. Maryland State Board of Elections. 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
69. "2016 Certification of Write-in Candidates – President and Vice President" (PDF). Virginia Department of Elections. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
70. "Constitution Party Nominates Darrell Castle and Scott Bradley". April 16, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
71. "Ballot Access". gp.org. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
72. "Jill Stein Qualifies for Write-in Status in North Carolina; No Other Write-in Presidential Candidate Does So | Ballot Access News". ballot-access.org. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
73. "Candidate Filings".
74. "Exclusive: Green Party's Jill Stein Announces She Is Running for President on Democracy Now!". Democracy Now!. June 22, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
75. "2016 Presidential Candidates". Green Party of the United States. December 31, 2015. Archived from the original on February 8, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
76. Midge Potts 2016
77. McMullin, Evan. "34 States and Counting". Evan McMullin for President. Rumpf, Sarah. Retrieved October 2, 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}
78. "November 8, 2016, General Election Certified List of Write-In Candidates" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. California Secretary of State. October 28, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
79. "Registered Write-In Candidates November 8, 2016" (PDF). sots.ct.gov. Connecticut Secretary of State. October 28, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
80. "2016 General Election Write-In Presidential Candidates" (PDF). sos.ks.gov. Kansas Secretary of State. October 31, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
81. Winger, Richard (October 31, 2016). "Missouri Secretary of State Releases List of Presidential Write-in Candidates". Ballot Access News. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
82. "Official Write-In Candidates for President" (PDF). www.elections.ny.gov. New York State Board of Elections. October 24, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
83. Winger, Richard (October 20, 2016). "Six Write-in Presidential Candidates File to Have North Dakota Write-ins Counted". ballot-access.org. Ballot Access News. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
84. "Anti-Trump Republican Launching Independent Presidential Bid". BuzzFeed. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
85. "American Freedom Party Becomes a Qualified Party in Mississippi", Ballot Access News. August 12, 2015.
86. "Kenn Gividen Steps Down as American Freedom Party Presidential Nominee, Bob Whitaker to Take His Place at the Top of the Ticket", Independent Political Report. July 26, 2015.
87. Ziggler, Jed (October 3, 2015). "American Freedom Party Takes Robocall Campaign to AL, Tom Bowie is New VP Nominee". Independent Political Report. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
88. Ziggler, Jed (November 8, 2015). "Independent American Party Nominates Farley Anderson for President". Independent Political Report. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
89. "Committee Tracking system – Florida Division of Elections – Department of State". myflorida.com.
90. Winger, Richard (July 24, 2015). "Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2016 Presidential Ticket". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
91. "Nutrition Party Announces Presidential Candidate, and Qualifies Him for Colorado Ballot | Ballot Access News". Ballot-access.org. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
92. "Prohibition Party Now a Qualified Party in Mississippi".
93. "Ballot access". ballotpedia.org.
94. "Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket". Ballot Access News. July 31, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
95. "James Hedges FEC Filing" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. October 27, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
96. "Qualified Political Parties". ca.gov.
97. "Political Party Information". myflorida.com.
98. "Gloria La Riva FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. October 13, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
99. Winger, Richard (October 17, 2015). "Socialist Party National Ticket Nominated". Ballot Access News. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
100. Silva, Rod (October 20, 2015). "FEC Form 2: Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). fec.gov. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
101. Silva, Rod. "My fellow Americans". Rod Silva for President 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
102. "Ballot Access News – Veterans Party is Now a Ballot-Qualified Party in Mississippi". ballot-access.org.
103. "Chris Keniston 2016". Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
104. "Veterans Party of America".
105. "Workers World Party Nominates Monica Moorehead for President". Independent Political Report. November 9, 2015. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
106. Camia, Catalina and Martha A. Moore (February 12, 2015). "Democrats pick Philadelphia for 2016 convention". USA Today. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
107. "RNC officially approves Cleveland as 2016 convention host", CBS News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
108. Isenstadt, Alex (January 14, 2014) "GOP convention set for July 18–21 in 2016", Politico. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
109. Winger, Richard (August 2, 2015) "Green Party Will Hold Presidential Convention in Houston", Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
110. "Houston, We Have a Solution – Vote Green 2016". Green Party of the United States. April 4, 2016. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
111. Winger, Richard (July 11, 2014). "Libertarian Party Moves Into National Party Headquarters That it Owns". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
112. "Libertarian National Committee Minutes July 15–16, 2012" (PDF). Libertarian National Committee. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
113. Mills, Glen (April 14, 2016) "The Constitution Party hosts national convention in Salt Lake City" Archived 2016-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Good4Utah. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
114. Ballotpedia . Retrieved October 29, 2019.
115. "CPD Announces 2016 Debate Host Applicants". Commission on Presidential Debates. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
116. Sanchez, Stephen M. "Three Texas Locations Vie For 2016 Presidential Debates". San Antonio Daily News. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.

Other websites

• 2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers Archived 2014-07-12 at the Wayback Machine at the Federal Election Commission (FEC)