First Mexican Republic
1824-1864 federal republic in Central America / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The First Mexican Republic, known also as the First Federal Republic (Spanish: Primera República Federal), was a federated republic, established by the Constitution of 1824, the first constitution of independent Mexico. It was officially named the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, listen (help·info)).[1][2][3] The First Mexican Republic lasted from 1824 to 1835, when conservatives under Antonio López de Santa Anna changed it into a unitary state, the Centralist Republic of Mexico.
United Mexican States Estados Unidos Mexicanos | |||||||||
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1824–1835 | |||||||||
Motto: Religión, Independencia, Unión Religion, Independence, Union | |||||||||
Capital | Mexico City | ||||||||
Common languages | Spanish (official), Nahuatl, Yucatec Maya, Mixtecan languages, Zapotec languages | ||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism (official religion) | ||||||||
Government | Federal presidential republic | ||||||||
President | |||||||||
• 1824–1829 | Guadalupe Victoria (first) | ||||||||
• 1835 | Miguel Barragán (last) | ||||||||
Vice President | |||||||||
• 1824–1827 | Nicolás Bravo | ||||||||
• 1829–1832 | Anastasio Bustamante | ||||||||
• 1833–1835 | Valentín Gómez Farías | ||||||||
Legislature | Congress | ||||||||
Senate | |||||||||
Chamber of Deputies | |||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Republic established | 1 November 1824 | ||||||||
• Constitution adopted | 4 October 1824 | ||||||||
• Centralist Republic established | 23 October 1835 | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1824[4] | 6,500,000 | ||||||||
• 1834[4] | 7,734,292 | ||||||||
Currency | Mexican real | ||||||||
ISO 3166 code | MX | ||||||||
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Today part of | Mexico United States |
The republic was announced on November 1, 1823[5] by the Supreme Executive Power, months after the fall of the Mexican Empire ruled emperor Agustin I, a former royalist military officer-turned-insurgent for independence. The federation was formally and legally established on October 4, 1824, when the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States came into force.[6]
The First Republic was badly harmed and bothered through its whole twelve-year existence by extreme financial and by not having a steady, trustworthy goverment. Political controversies, ever since the drafting of the constitution tended to center around whether Mexico should be a federal or a centralist state, with wider liberal and conservative causes attaching themselves to each group of people involved in a battle respectively. With the exception of the inaugural office holder, Guadalupe Victoria, every single administration (management) during the First Republic was permanently ended by military coup d'état.
The First Republic would finally collapse after the permanent end of the liberal president Valentín Gómez Farías, through a rebellion led by his former vice-president, General Antonio López de Santa Anna who had switched sides. Once in power, the conservatives, who had long been critical of the federal system and blamed it for the nation's instability, repealed the Constitution of 1824 on October 23, 1835, and the Federal Republic became a unitary state, the Centralist Republic. The unitary regime was formally established on December 30, 1836, with the doing of the seven constitutional laws.[7]