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The Head of State in Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country. Under the current constitution, this responsibility lies with the President of the United Mexican States, who is head of the supreme executive power of the Mexican Union.[1]
After the end of the Mexican War of Independence, a Provisional Board of Governing consisting of thirty-four persons was set up. The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire and appointed a regency composed of six people.
Regency | Members[2] | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agustín de Iturbide | September 28, 1821 | April 11, 1822 | |||
Juan O'Donojú | September 28, 1821 | October 8, 1821 | Died in office. | ||
Antonio Pérez Martínez | October 8, 1821 | April 11, 1822 | |||
Manuel de la Barcéna | September 28, 1821 | April 11, 1822 | |||
José Isidro Yañez | September 28, 1821 | April 11, 1822 | |||
Manuel Velázquez de León | September 28, 1821 | April 11, 1822 | |||
Regency | Members | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agustín de Iturbide | April 11, 1822 | May 18, 1822 | |||
José Isidro Yañez | April 11, 1822 | May 18, 1822 | |||
Miguel Valentín | April 11, 1822 | May 18, 1822 | |||
Manuel de Heras | April 11, 1822 | May 18, 1822 | |||
Nicolás Bravo | April 11, 1822 | May 18, 1822 | |||
Emperor | Coat of Arms | Reign Start | Reign Ended | Royal House | Consort | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agustín I (1783–1824) |
May 19, 1822 | March 19, 1823 | Iturbide | Ana María (1786–1861) | |||
The Provisional Government of 1823–24 was an organization that served as the Executive in the government of Mexico after the end of the Mexican Empire of Agustín I, in 1823.[3] The organization was responsible for convening the body that created the Federal Republic and existed from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.[4]
Provisional Government | Head of State[5][6][7] | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nicolás Bravo | March 31, 1823 | October 10, 1824 | |||
Guadalupe Victoria | March 31, 1823 | October 10, 1824 | |||
Pedro Celestino Negrete | March 31, 1823 | October 10, 1824 | |||
Mariano Michelena | April 1, 1823 | October 10, 1824 | Substitute Member | ||
Miguel Domínguez | April 1, 1823 | October 10, 1824 | Substitute Member | ||
Vicente Guerrero | April 1, 1823 | October 10, 1824 | Substitute Member | ||
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Vice President | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Guadalupe Victoria (1786–1843) |
October 10, 1824 | March 31, 1829 | Independent | Nicolás Bravo | First constitutionally elected President of Mexico, and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.[8] | |
2 | Vicente Guerrero (1782–1831) |
April 1, 1829 | December 17, 1829 | Liberal Party | Anastasio Bustamante | He was appointed by Congress after the "resignation" of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza.[9][10] | |
3 | José María Bocanegra (1787–1862) |
December 17, 1829 | December 23, 1829 | Popular York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party) |
He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his Vice President.[11][12] | ||
Pedro Vélez (1787–1848) |
December 23, 1829 | December 31, 1829 | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar.[13] | |||
4 | Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853) |
January 1, 1830 | August 13, 1832 | Conservative Party | As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the coup against Guerrero.[14] | ||
5 | Melchor Múzquiz (1790–1844) |
August 14, 1832 | December 24, 1832 | Popular York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party) |
He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.[15][16][17] | ||
6 | Manuel Gómez Pedraza (1789–1851) |
December 24, 1832 | March 31, 1833 | Federalist York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party) |
He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829, had he not "resigned" prior to inauguration, as the winner of the elections of 1828.[18][19] | ||
7 | Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) |
April 1, 1833 | May 16, 1833 | Liberal Party | As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833. [20][21][22] | ||
8 | Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
May 16, 1833 | June 3, 1833 | Liberal Party | Valentín Gómez Farías | He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gómez Farías four more times until April 24, 1834. [21][23][24][25] | |
Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) |
June 3, 1833 | June 18, 1833 | Liberal Party | ||||
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
June 18, 1833 | July 5, 1833 | Liberal Party | Valentín Gómez Farías | |||
Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) |
July 5, 1833 | October 27, 1833 | Liberal Party | ||||
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
October 27, 1833 | December 15, 1833 | Liberal Party | Valentín Gómez Farías | |||
Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) |
December 16, 1833 | April 24, 1834 | Liberal Party | He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. Santa Anna took office again and he went into exile.[22][26] | |||
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
April 24, 1834 | January 27, 1835 | Liberal Party | He cancelled the liberal reforms. On January 27, the Sixth Constitutional Congress dismissed Gomez Farias as Vice President.[22][26][27] | |||
9 | Miguel Barragán (1789–1836) |
January 28, 1835 | February 27, 1836 | Liberal Party | He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the Rebellion of Zacatecas. On October 23, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.[28][29][30][31] | ||
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | Miguel Barragán (1789–1836) |
January 28, 1835 | February 27, 1836 | Liberal Party | He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.[28] | |
10 | José Justo Corro (1794–1864) |
February 27, 1836 | April 19, 1837 | Conservative Party | He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term. During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico.[32][33][34] | |
Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853) |
April 19, 1837 | March 18, 1839 | Conservative Party | He took office as constitutional elected president. He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term.[35][36] | ||
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
March 18, 1839 | July 10, 1839 | He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.[23][37] | |||
11 | Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854) |
July 11, 1839 | July 19, 1839 | Conservative Party | He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.[25][38][39] | |
Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853) |
July 19, 1839 | September 22, 1841 | Conservative Party | He reassumed the presidency.[25][40] | ||
12 | Francisco Javier Echeverría (1797–1852) |
September 22, 1841 | October 10, 1841 | Conservative Party | He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna, and Gabriel Valencia. He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.[41][42][43] | |
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
October 10, 1841 | October 26, 1842 | He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments).[44][45][46] | |||
Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854) |
October 26, 1842 | March 4, 1843 | Conservative Party | He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.[39][46] | ||
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
March 4, 1843 | October 4, 1843 | He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.[47] | |||
13 | Valentín Canalizo (1794–1850) |
October 4, 1843 | June 4, 1844 | Conservative Party | He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.[48][49] | |
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
June 4, 1844 | September 12, 1844 | He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on January 2, 1844.[50][51] | |||
14 | José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854) |
September 12, 1844 | September 21, 1844 | Liberal Party | He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.[51][52] | |
Valentín Canalizo (1794–1850) |
September 21, 1844 | December 6, 1844 | Conservative Party | He assumed the presidency as interim president.[53] | ||
José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854) |
December 6, 1844 | December 30, 1845 | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.[52][54][55] | ||
15 | Mariano Paredes (1797–1849) |
December 31, 1845 | July 28, 1846 | Conservative Party | He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera. On June 12, he was appointed interim president.[56][57] | |
Vice President[57] Nicolás Bravo | ||||||
Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854) |
July 28, 1846 | August 4, 1846 | Conservative Party | He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican–American War. He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.[58][59][60] | ||
16 | José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) |
August 5, 1846 | December 23, 1846 | Conservative Party | He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela). He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on August 22.[61][62][63] He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic. |
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) |
August 6, 1846 | December 23, 1846 | Conservative Party | After he restored the federalism, he called elections. Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.[61][64] | |
Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858) |
December 23, 1846 | March 21, 1847 | Liberal Party | As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the Americans in the Mexican–American War.[65] | ||
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
March 21, 1847 | April 2, 1847 | Liberal Party | He took office as elected interim president.[66] | ||
Vice President Valentín Gómez Farías | ||||||
17 | Pedro María de Anaya (1795–1854) |
April 2, 1847 | May 20, 1847 | Liberal Party | Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.[67][68][69] | |
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
May 20, 1847 | September 15, 1847 | Liberal Party | He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican–American War.[70][71] | ||
18 | Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789–1850) |
September 16, 1847 | November 13, 1847 | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.[72][73] | |
Pedro María de Anaya (1795–1854) |
November 13, 1847 | January 8, 1848 | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Peña y Peña left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States. | ||
Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789–1850) |
January 8, 1848 | June 3, 1848 | Liberal Party | He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned after refusing to give any land to the United States.[74] During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. | ||
José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854) |
June 3, 1848 | January 15, 1851 | Liberal Party | He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.[75] | ||
19 | Mariano Arista (1802–1855) |
January 15, 1851 | January 5, 1853 | Liberal Party | He resigned on January 5, 1853 when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, the goal of which was to bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.[76] | |
20 | Juan Bautista Ceballos (1811–1859) |
January 5, 1853 | February 7, 1853 | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.[77] | |
21 | Manuel María Lombardini (1802–1853) |
February 8, 1853 | April 20, 1853 | Conservative Party | He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.[78] | |
Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) |
April 20, 1853 | August 9, 1855 | Liberal Party | He swore as President but ruled as dictator. He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness).[79][80] From this period, the only lasting thing is the Mexican National Anthem.[81][82] | ||
22 | Martín Carrera (1806–1871) |
August 9, 1855 | September 12, 1855 | Conservative Party | He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla but he took office until August 15.[82][83] | |
23 | Rómulo Díaz de la Vega (1800–1877) |
September 12, 1855 | October 4, 1855 | Conservative Party | He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation.[84][85] | |
24 | Juan Álvarez (1790–1867) |
October 4, 1855 | December 11, 1855 | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.[86][87] | |
25 | Ignacio Comonfort (1812–1863) |
December 11, 1855 | December 17, 1857 | Liberal Party | He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned. He assumed as constitutional president on December 1, 1857.[88][89] | |
26 | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) |
December 18, 1857 | July 18, 1872 | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on January 18, 1858. The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War.[90] | |
President | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ignacio Comonfort (1812–1863) |
December 17, 1857 | January 21, 1858 | Liberal Party | After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was not longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.[91][92] | |
Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) |
January 11, 1858 | December 24, 1858 | Conservative Party | After disown Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.[93] | |
Manuel Robles Pezuela (1817–1862) |
December 24, 1858 | January 23, 1859 | Conservative Party | He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad.[94][95] | |
Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) |
January 24, 1859 | February 1, 1859 | Conservative Party | He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón.[94][96] | |
Miguel Miramón (1831–1867) |
February 2, 1859 | August 13, 1860 | Conservative Party | He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.[97] | |
José Ignacio Pavón (1791–1866) |
August 13, 1860 | August 15, 1860 | Conservative Party | As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government, he took office for two days when Miramón left office.[98] | |
Miguel Miramón (1831–1867) |
August 15, 1860 | December 24, 1860 | Conservative Party | He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives. He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.[99] | |
Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) |
May 23, 1860 | December 28, 1862 | Conservative Party | Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until December 28, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.[100] | |
On June 22, 1863, a "Superior Governing Board" was established. On July 11, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.[101][102]
Regent[2] | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte | July 11, 1863 | April 10, 1864 | Conservative Party | ||
José Mariano Salas | July 11, 1863 | April 10, 1864 | Conservative Party | ||
Pelagio Antonio de Labastida | October 19, 1863 | April 10, 1864 | Conservative Party |
Emperor | Coat of Arms | Reign Start | Reign Ended | Royal House | Consort | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximilian I (1832–1867) |
April 10, 1864 | June 19, 1867 | Habsburg-Lorraine | Carlota of Mexico (1840–1927) | |||
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(26) | Benito Juárez (1806–1872) |
December 18, 1857 | June 11, 1861 | Liberal Party | The first term he was interim president during the Reform War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic. | |
June 11, 1861 | November 30, 1865 | |||||
December 1, 1865 | December 7, 1867 | |||||
December 8, 1867 | October 11, 1871 | |||||
October 12, 1871 | July 18, 1872 | |||||
27 | Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada (1823–1889) |
July 18, 1872 | November 30, 1872 | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his term.[103] | |
December 1, 1872 | November 20, 1876 | |||||
28 | José María Iglesias (1823–1891) |
October 26, 1876 | November 28, 1876 | Liberal Party | As president of the Supreme Court, he voided, on grounds of fraud, the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid, and then declared himself interim president. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on November 20, he became constitutional interim president.[104] | |
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29 | Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) |
November 28, 1876 | December 6, 1876 | Liberal Party | He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.[105] | |
30 | Juan Nepomuceno Méndez (1824–1894) |
December 6, 1876 | February 17, 1877 | Liberal Party | He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.[106] | |
Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) |
February 17, 1877 | November 30, 1880 | Liberal Party | He reassumed the presidency. On May 2, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.[107] | ||
31 | Manuel González Flores (1833–1893) |
December 1, 1880 | November 30, 1884 | Liberal Party | He was the winner of the federal elections of 1880.[108] | |
Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) |
December 1, 1884 | November 30, 1888 | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party |
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910. He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution.[109] | ||
December 1, 1888 | November 30, 1892 | |||||
December 1, 1892 | November 30, 1896 | |||||
December 1, 1896 | November 30, 1900 | |||||
December 1, 1900 | November 30, 1904 | |||||
December 1, 1904 | November 30, 1910 | Vice President Ramón Corral (since 1904) | ||||
December 1, 1910 | May 25, 1911 | |||||
Anti-Reelectionist Party→Progressive Constitutionalist Party
Independent
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
32 | Francisco León de la Barra (1863–1939) |
May 25, 1911 | November 5, 1911 | According to the "Treaties of Ciudad Juárez", he assumed office as interim president. Immediately called for elections.[110] | |
33 [111] | Francisco I. Madero (1873–1913) |
November 6, 1911 | February 19, 1913 | He was the winner of the special election of 1911. He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days in which Victoriano Huerta, Félix Díaz and the American ambassador Henry L. Wilson were involved. He was murdered two days later along with the vice president Pino Suarez.[112][113] | |
Vice President José María Pino Suárez | |||||
34 | Pedro Lascuráin (1856–1952) |
February 19, 1913 | As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of Interior and then resigned the Presidency.[114] | ||
35 | Victoriano Huerta (1850–1916) |
February 19, 1913 | July 15, 1914 | He assumed office via a coup against Francisco I. Madero. He was defeated by the constitutionalist army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza.[115][116] | |
36 | Francisco S. Carvajal (1870–1932) |
July 15, 1914 | August 13, 1914 | He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta. He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan.[117] | |
President | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eulalio Gutiérrez (1881–1939) |
November 6, 1914 | January 16, 1915 | He was appointed provisional president.[118] | |
Roque González Garza (1885–1962) |
January 16, 1915 | June 10, 1915 | He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City.[119] | |
Francisco Lagos Cházaro (1878–1932) |
June 10, 1915 | October 10, 1915 | He assumed office as provisional president when González Garza resigned.[120] | |
Liberal Constitutionalist Party
Laborist Party
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
37 | Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920) |
Head of the Executive Power First Chief of the Constitutional Army |
He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal. He convoked a Constitutional Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the federal elections of 1917 and took office as Constitutional President on May 1, 1917. He was killed during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta.[121] | ||
August 13, 1914 | April 30, 1917 | ||||
President of Mexico | |||||
May 1, 1917 | May 21, 1920 | ||||
38 | Adolfo de la Huerta (1881–1955) |
June 1, 1920 | November 30, 1920 | He was appointed provisional president by Congress.[122] | |
39 | Álvaro Obregón (1880–1928) |
December 1, 1920 | November 30, 1924 | He was the winner of the federal elections of 1920.[123] | |
40 | Plutarco Elías Calles (1877–1945) |
December 1, 1924 | November 30, 1928 | He was the winner of the federal elections of 1924.[124] | |
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
41 | Emilio Portes Gil (1890–1978) |
December 1, 1928 | February 4, 1930 | After the assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón, he was appointed interim president by Congress.[125] | |
42 | Pascual Ortiz Rubio (1877–1963) |
February 5, 1930 | September 4, 1932 | He was the winner of the federal elections of 1929. He resigned due to the intervention of Calles in his government.[126][127] | |
43 | Abelardo L. Rodríguez (1889–1967) |
September 4, 1932 | November 30, 1934 | He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1928–1934 term.[128] | |
After the constitutional reform of 1926, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928; with a formal ban on reelection. After the federal election of 1934 all the presidents have completed their six-year terms.
National Revolutionary Party→Party of the Mexican Revolution→Institutional Revolutionary Party
National Action Party
National Regeneration Movement
№ |
President | Took office | Left office | Elections | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
44 | Lázaro Cárdenas (1895–1970) |
December 1, 1934 | November 30, 1940 | 1934 | |
45 | Manuel Ávila Camacho (1896–1955) |
December 1, 1940 | November 30, 1946 | 1940 | |
46 | Miguel Alemán Valdés (1900–1983) |
December 1, 1946 | November 30, 1952 | 1946 | |
47 | Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1889–1973) |
December 1, 1952 | November 30, 1958 | 1952 | |
48 | Adolfo López Mateos (1910–1969) |
December 1, 1958 | November 30, 1964 | 1958 | |
49 | Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1911–1979) |
December 1, 1964 | November 30, 1970 | 1964 | |
50 | Luis Echeverría (born 1922) |
December 1, 1970 | November 30, 1976 | 1970 | |
51 | José López Portillo y Pacheco (1920–2004) |
December 1, 1976 | November 30, 1982 | 1976 (uncontested) | |
52 | Miguel de la Madrid (1934–2012) |
December 1, 1982 | November 30, 1988 | 1982 | |
53 | Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 1948) |
December 1, 1988 | November 30, 1994 | 1988 | |
54 | Ernesto Zedillo (born 1951) |
December 1, 1994 | November 30, 2000 | 1994 | |
55 | Vicente Fox (born 1942) |
December 1, 2000 | November 30, 2006 | 2000 | |
56 | Felipe Calderón (born 1962) |
December 1, 2006 | November 30, 2012 | 2006 | |
57 | Enrique Peña Nieto (born 1966) |
December 1, 2012 | December 1, 2018 | 2012 | |
58 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador (born 1953) |
December 1, 2018 | Incumbent
(Expires November 30, 2024) |
2018 | |
As of 24 August 2024, there are six living former Presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former President was that of Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on April 1, 2012.
President | Term of office | Date of death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Benito Juárez | 1859–1864 1867–1872 |
July 18, 1872 (age 66) | He is the only President of Mexico who died as a result of a non-violent cause while in office. |
Venustiano Carranza | 1914–1920 | May 21, 1920 (age 60) | He is the only President of Mexico to be assassinated in office. |
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