Federal subjects of Russia

The subjects of the Russian Federation (Russian: субъекты Российской Федерации subekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) are the main administrative divisions in Russia. Since 18 March 2014, Russia is made up of 85 federal subjects.^[1] They are grouped into eight federal districts.

The federal subjects are divided into oblasts, republics, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities and an autonomous oblast. Republics are generally independent, each having its own constitution and legislature. They are meant to be home to a certain ethnic minority. The republics can also set their own official language.^[2]

Types

Federal subjects of Russia.

Each federal subject belongs to one of the following types:

Legend	Description
46 oblasts	The most common type of federal subject with a governor and local government.
22 republics	Nominally autonomous,[3][4] each has its own constitution and legislature; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; is meant to be home to a specific ethnic minority.
9 krais	The same as an oblast, but with a different name. The name "krai" is old.
4 autonomous okrugs	With a substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
3 federal cities	Major cities that have their own region.
1 autonomous oblast	The only autonomous oblast is the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.

List

Code	Name	Capital/Administrative centre[a]	Flag	Coat of arms	Type	Federal district	Economic region	Area (km2)[5] !! Population [6] !! Year established
01	Adygea, Republic of	Maykop			republic	Southern	North Caucasus	7,600	447,109	1922
02	Bashkortostan, Republic of	Ufa			republic	Volga	Ural	143,600	4,104,336	1919
03	Buryatia, Republic of	Ulan-Ude			republic	Far Eastern	East Siberian	351,300	981,238	1923
04	Altai Republic	Gorno-Altaysk			republic	Siberian	West Siberian	92,600	202,947	1922
05	Dagestan, Republic of	Makhachkala			republic	North Caucasian	North Caucasus	50,300	2,576,531	1921
06	Ingushetia, Republic of	Magas (Largest city: Nazran)			republic	North Caucasian	North Caucasus	4,000	467,294	1992
07	Kabardino-Balkar Republic	Nalchik			republic	North Caucasian	North Caucasus	12,500	901,494	1936
08	Kalmykia, Republic of	Elista			republic	Southern	Volga	76,100	292,410	1957
09	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	Cherkessk			republic	North Caucasian	North Caucasus	14,100	439,470	1957
10	Karelia, Republic of	Petrozavodsk			republic	Northwestern	Northern	172,400	716,281	1956
11	Komi Republic	Syktyvkar			republic	Northwestern	Northern	415,900	1,018,674	1921
12	Mari El Republic	Yoshkar-Ola			republic	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	23,200	727,979	1920
13	Mordovia, Republic of	Saransk			republic	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	26,200	888,766	1930
14	Sakha (Yakutia) Republic	Yakutsk			republic	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	3,103,200	949,280	1922
15	North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of	Vladikavkaz			republic	North Caucasian	North Caucasus	8,000	710,275	1924
16	Tatarstan, Republic of	Kazan			republic	Volga	Volga	68,000	3,779,265	1920
17	Tuva Republic	Kyzyl			republic	Siberian	East Siberian	170,500	305,510	1944
18	Udmurt Republic	Izhevsk			republic	Volga	Ural	42,100	1,570,316	1920
19	Khakassia, Republic of	Abakan			republic	Siberian	East Siberian	61,900	546,072	1930
20	Chechen Republic	Grozny			republic	North Caucasian	North Caucasus	15,300	1,103,686	1991
21	Chuvash Republic	Cheboksary			republic	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	18,300	1,313,754	1920
22	Altai Krai	Barnaul			krai	Siberian	West Siberian	169,100	2,607,426	1937
23	Krasnodar Krai	Krasnodar			krai	Southern	North Caucasus	76,000	5,125,221	1937
24	Krasnoyarsk Krai	Krasnoyarsk			krai	Siberian	East Siberian	2,339,700	2,966,042	1934
25	Primorsky Krai	Vladivostok			krai	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	165,900	2,071,210	1938
26	Stavropol Krai	Stavropol			krai	North Caucasian	North Caucasus	66,500	2,735,139	1934
27	Khabarovsk Krai	Khabarovsk			krai	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	788,600	1,436,570	1938
28	Amur Oblast	Blagoveshchensk			oblast	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	363,700	902,844	1932
29	Arkhangelsk Oblast	Arkhangelsk			oblast	Northwestern	Northern	587,400	1,336,539	1937
30	Astrakhan Oblast	Astrakhan			oblast	Southern	Volga	44,100	1,005,276	1943
31	Belgorod Oblast	Belgorod			oblast	Central	Central Black Earth	27,100	1,511,620	1954
32	Bryansk Oblast	Bryansk			oblast	Central	Central	34,900	1,378,941	1944
33	Vladimir Oblast	Vladimir			oblast	Central	Central	29,000	1,523,990	1944
34	Volgograd Oblast	Volgograd			oblast	Southern	Volga	113,900	2,699,223	1937
35	Vologda Oblast	Vologda (Largest city: Cherepovets)			oblast	Northwestern	Northern	145,700	1,269,568	1937
36	Voronezh Oblast	Voronezh			oblast	Central	Central Black Earth	52,400	2,378,803	1934
37	Ivanovo Oblast	Ivanovo			oblast	Central	Central	21,800	1,148,329	1936
38	Irkutsk Oblast	Irkutsk			oblast	Siberian	East Siberian	767,900	2,581,705	1937
39	Kaliningrad Oblast	Kaliningrad			oblast	Northwestern	Kaliningrad	15,100	955,281	1946
40	Kaluga Oblast	Kaluga			oblast	Central	Central	29,900	1,041,641	1944
41	Kamchatka Krai	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky			krai	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	472,300	358,801	2007
42	Kemerovo Oblast	Kemerovo			oblast	Siberian	West Siberian	95,500	2,899,142	1943
43	Kirov Oblast	Kirov			oblast	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	120,800	1,503,529	1934
44	Kostroma Oblast	Kostroma			oblast	Central	Central	60,100	736,641	1944
45	Kurgan Oblast	Kurgan			oblast	Ural	Ural	71,000	1,019,532	1943
46	Kursk Oblast	Kursk			oblast	Central	Central Black Earth	29,800	1,235,091	1934
47	Leningrad Oblast	Largest city: Gatchina[b]			oblast	Northwestern	Northwestern	84,500	1,669,205	1927
48	Lipetsk Oblast	Lipetsk			oblast	Central	Central Black Earth	24,100	1,213,499	1954
49	Magadan Oblast	Magadan			oblast	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	461,400	182,726	1953
50	Moscow Oblast	Largest city: Balashikha[c]			oblast	Central	Central	44,300[7]	6,618,538	1929
51	Murmansk Oblast	Murmansk			oblast	Northwestern	Northern	144,900	892,534	1938
52	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	Nizhny Novgorod			oblast	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	76,900	3,524,028	1936
53	Novgorod Oblast	Veliky Novgorod			oblast	Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	694,355	1944
54	Novosibirsk Oblast	Novosibirsk			oblast	Siberian	West Siberian	178,200	2,692,251	1937
55	Omsk Oblast	Omsk			oblast	Siberian	West Siberian	139,700	2,079,220	1934
56	Orenburg Oblast	Orenburg			oblast	Volga	Ural	124,000	2,179,551	1934
57	Oryol Oblast	Oryol			oblast	Central	Central	24,700	860,262	1937
58	Penza Oblast	Penza			oblast	Volga	Volga	43,200	1,452,941	1939
59	Perm Krai	Perm			krai	Volga	Ural	160,600	2,819,421	2005
60	Pskov Oblast	Pskov			oblast	Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	760,810	1944
61	Rostov Oblast	Rostov-on-Don			oblast	Southern	North Caucasus	100,800	4,404,013	1937
62	Ryazan Oblast	Ryazan			oblast	Central	Central	39,600	1,227,910	1937
63	Samara Oblast	Samara			oblast	Volga	Volga	53,600	3,239,737	1928
64	Saratov Oblast	Saratov			oblast	Volga	Volga	100,200	2,668,310	1936
65	Sakhalin Oblast	Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk			oblast	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	87,100	546,695	1947
66	Sverdlovsk Oblast	Yekaterinburg			oblast	Ural	Ural	194,800	4,486,214	1935
67	Smolensk Oblast	Smolensk			oblast	Central	Central	49,800	1,049,574	1937
68	Tambov Oblast	Tambov			oblast	Central	Central Black Earth	34,300	1,178,443	1937
69	Tver Oblast	Tver			oblast	Central	Central	84,100	1,471,459	1935
70	Tomsk Oblast	Tomsk			oblast	Siberian	West Siberian	316,900	1,046,039	1944
71	Tula Oblast	Tula			oblast	Central	Central	25,700	1,675,758	1937
72	Tyumen Oblast	Tyumen			oblast	Ural	West Siberian	143,520	3,264,841	1944
73	Ulyanovsk Oblast	Ulyanovsk			oblast	Volga	Volga	37,300	1,382,811	1943
74	Chelyabinsk Oblast	Chelyabinsk			oblast	Ural	Ural	87,900	3,603,339	1934
75	Zabaykalsky Krai	Chita			krai	Far Eastern	East Siberian	431,500	1,155,346	2008
76	Yaroslavl Oblast	Yaroslavl			oblast	Central	Central	36,400	1,367,398	1936
77	Moscow	—			federal city	Central	Central	2,511	10,382,754
78	Saint Petersburg	—			federal city	Northwestern	Northwestern	1,439	4,662,547
79	Jewish Autonomous Oblast	Birobidzhan			autonomous oblast	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	36,000	190,915	1934
83	Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Naryan-Mar			autonomous okrug	Northwestern	Northern	176,700	41,546	1929
86	Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra	Khanty-Mansiysk (Largest city: Surgut)			autonomous okrug	Ural	West Siberian	523,100	1,432,817	1930
87	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	Anadyr			autonomous okrug	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	737,700	53,824	1930
89	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Salekhard (Largest city: Noyabrsk)			autonomous okrug	Ural	West Siberian	750,300	507,006	1930
91	Republic of Crimea[d]	Simferopol			republic	Southern[8][9]	North Caucasus	26,964[10]	1,966,801[11]	2014
92	Sevastopol[d]	—			federal city	Southern[8][9]	North Caucasus	864[12]	379,200[12]	2014

a. ^{^} The largest city is also listed when it is different from the capital/administrative center.

b. ^{^} According to Article 13 of the Charter of Leningrad Oblast, the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of St. Petersburg. However, St. Petersburg is not officially named to be the administrative center of the oblast.

c. ^{^} According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast, the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of Moscow and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. However, Moscow is not officially named to be the administrative center of the oblast.

d. ^{^} Not recognized internationally as a part of Russia.

e. ^{^} In February 2000, the former code of 20 for the Chechen Republic was cancelled and replaced with code 95. License plate production was suspended due to the Chechen Wars, causing numerous issues, which in turn forced the region to use a new code.

References

1. "Constitution of the Russian Federation". Russian Presidential Executive Office. Retrieved 2013-04-28.
2. Article 68 of the Constitution of Russia
3. Publications, E. (2012). The Territories of the Russian Federation 2012. Taylor & Francis. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-135-09584-0. Retrieved 2019-10-06.
4. Saunders, R.A. (2019). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation. Historical Dictionaries of Europe. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-5381-2048-4. Retrieved 2019-10-06.
5. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
6. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
7. "1.1. ОСНОВНЫЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ в 2014 г." [MAIN SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS 2014]. Regions of Russia. Socioeconomic indicators – 2015 (in Russian). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
8. "Crimea becomes part of vast Southern federal district of Russia". Retrieved 2016-07-29.
9. "В России создан Крымский федеральный округ". RBC. March 21, 2014. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
10. "Autonomous Republic of Crimea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 2018-03-16. Retrieved 2014-03-25.
11. "Population as of February 1, 2014. Average annual populations January 2014". ukrstat.gov.ua. Retrieved 2015-10-18.
12. "A General data of the region". Sevastopol City State Administration. Archived from the original on February 11, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.