Yuezhi

Yuezhi ili Rouzhi (kineski: 月支, pinyin: yuè zhī ili ròu zhī; također 月氏, pinyin: yuè shì ili ròu shì; starokineski: Tok^war),^[5] također poznati kaoDa Yuezhi ili Da Rouzhi (kineski: 大月支, dà yuè zhī ili dà ròu zhī, "Veliki Yuezhi") su bili drevni centralnoazijski narod.

Yuezhi/Rouzhi
Migracije Yuezhija kroz Srednju Aziju od 176. pne. do 30. n.e.
Ukupna populacija
Nekih 100.000 do 200.000 strijelaca-konjanika, prema Shijiu, gl. 123.[1] The Hanshu Chapter 96A records: 100,000 households, 400,000 people with 100,000 people able to bear arms.[2]
Regioni sa značajnim brojem pripadnika
Zapadna Kina (prije 2. vijeka pne.)[3] Centralna Azija (2. vijek pne.-1. vijek pne.) Sjeverna Indija (1. vijek n.e.-4. vijek n.e.)
Jezik/ci
nepoznati, iako postoji epigrafija u rasponu od grčkog do baktrijskog, a često se smatra da su govorili toharski.[4]
Religija
Iranska božanstva (Nana), budizam, zoroastrizam, hinduizam

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Većina učenjaka vjeruje kako su bili Indoevropljani^[6] odnosno srodni, a možda i istovjetni Toharima^[7] (Τοχάριοι) koji se spominju u klasičnim izvorima.^[8] Prvotno su naseljavali suhe stepe područja Tarimske zavale u današnjem Xinjiangu i zapadnom Gansuu u Kini, prije nego što su migrirali u Transoksijanu, Baktriju a na kraju i na sjever Indijskog podkontinenta gdje se vjeruje da su imali ulogu u stvaranju Kušanskog Carstva.

Napomene

1. Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan," Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 234.
2. Hulsewé, A.F.P. and Loewe, M.A.N. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage: 125 B.C.-A.D. 23: An Annotated Translation of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. Leiden. E. J. Birll. 1979. ISBN 90-04-05884-2, pp. 119-120.
3. Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China: Han Dynasty II. Translated from the Shiji of Sima Qian. Chapter 123: "The Account of Dayuan," Columbia University Press. Revised Edition. ISBN 0-231-08166-9; ISBN 0-231-08167-7 (pbk.), p. 234.
4. Mallory, J.P. and Victor H. Mair,The Tarim Mummies. Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. Thames & Hudson, London 2000. ISBN 0-500-05101-1, pp. 280-284,
5. Beckwith (2009) See page 5, footnote #16, as well as pages 380-383 in appendix B.
6. "They are, by almost unanimous opinion, Indo-Europeans, probably the most oriental of those who occupied the steppes." Roux, p.90
7. Mallory (2006), p. 35
8. "According to some, they were the Tocharians, "Tokharoi", of Classical Antiquity", Roux, p.90

Izvori

• Mallory, James (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indoeuropean and the Proto-Indoeuropean world, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199296685

Reference

• Beckwith, Christopher. (2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2.
• Dorn'eich, Chris M. (2008). Chinese sources on the History of the Niusi-Wusi-Asi(oi)-Rishi(ka)-Arsi-Arshi-Ruzhi and their Kueishuang-Kushan Dynasty. Shiji 110/Hanshu 94A: The Xiongnu: Synopsis of Chinese original Text and several Western Translations with Extant Annotations. Berlin. To read or download go to:
• Hill, John E. 2003. The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation.
• Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. John E. Hill. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
• Liu, Xinru: Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan. Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies in: Journal of World History, 12 (No. 2) 2001, p. 261-292. See
• "Records of the Great Historian, Han Dynasty II", Sima Qian, translated by Burton Watson, Revised edition (1993) Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08167-7
• RICKET,W.A.(1998) Guanzi -Political, Economic, and Philosophic Essays from Early China. Vol.II. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. J. P. Mallory and Victor H. Mair. Thames & Hudson. London. (2000), ISBN 0-500-05101-1
• Roux, Jean-Paul, L'Asie Centrale, Histoire et Civilization (French), Fayard, 1997, ISBN 978-2-213-59894-9

Eksterni linkovi

• The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu, trans. John Hill
• Linguistic analysis of the connection between Yuezhi and Kushan
• Overview of Xiongnu history and their wars with the Yuezhi
• Craig Benjamin on Yuezhi migrations
• Kasim Abdullaev on Yuezhi migrations in Central Asia
• Lokesh Chandra on Yuezhi translators
• Yuezhi Sapadbizes coins*
• On-line Version of the Guanzi. Arhivirano 2007-05-04 na Wayback Machine-u
• Downloadable article: "Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age" Li et al. BMC Biology 2010, 8:15.