Transfer (fotbal)

În fotbal, un transfer reprezintă acțiunea unui jucător de a-și schimba clubul la care activează. De obicei, pentru un jucător care are semnat contract cu un club și este transferat la alt club, se plătește un anumit preț numit „sumă de transfer”.

Paul Pogba (stânga), Gareth Bale (centru) și Cristiano Ronaldo (dreapta), cei mai scumpi jucători din istoria fotbalului

Zinedine Zidane a fost cel mai scump jucător din lume timp de opt ani

Edinson Cavani este cel mai scump jucător cumpărat de un club francez

Fernando Torres este cel mai scump jucător cumpărat de un club englez

Gonzalo Higuaín este cel mai scump jucător cumpărat de un club italian, cel mai scump jucător sud-american și cel mai scump transfer realizat în interiorul unui campionat

Javi Martínez este cel mai scump jucător cumpărat de un club german

Hulk este cel mai scump jucător cumpărat de un club rus

Gianluigi Buffon este cel mai scump portar din toate timpurile

David Luiz este cel mai scump fundaș din toate timpurile

În general, jucătorii pot transferați de la un club la altul doar în timpul unei perioade anumite numită „fereastră de transferuri” sau mercato, care este definită prin regulament de către organismele de conducere a fotbalului internațional, dar și cel local din fiecare asociație în parte. Pe durata anului sunt două ferestre de transferuri: principala este — mercato de vară (care durează între 1 iulie și 1 septembrie) și mercato de iarnă (pe durata lunii ianuarie).

Un tip special de transfer este împrumutul, care permite temporar fotbalistului să evolueze la un alt club decât la cel cu care este sub contract, cu revenirea la clubul său de bază la expirarea termenului de împrumut.

De asemenea în fotbal pot fi transferați și antrenorii, acest lucru se întâmplă însă mult mai rar.

Clubul francez Paris Saint Germain, deține recordul de achiziție a celui mai scump jucător din lume, Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior(Neymar), pe care l-a cumpărat de la Fc Barcelona în data de 3 august 2017 cu o sumă de 222 de milioane de euro.

Cele mai scumpe transferuri

Conform situației la 8 august 2017.

     Suma de transfer a bătut recordul mondial la momentul transferului

     Suma de transfer a bătut recordul național

     Suma de transfer a bătut recordul pentru un sud-american

     Suma de transfer a bătut recordul pentru un jucător tânăr

Jucători

Lista conține noua transferuri care au bătut recordul mondial la transferuri, și anume: Neymar Jr , Paul Pogba, Gareth Bale, Cristiano Ronaldo, Kaká, Zinedine Zidane, Luís Figo, Hernán Crespo și Christian Vieri, Pogba semnând cu un club englez, următorii cinci cu cluburi spaniole, iar ultimii doi cu cluburi italiene. Doi dintre jucătorii listați mai jos au devenit cei mai scumpi tineri jucători din istorie, la vremea transferului lor: Wayne Rooney și Anthony Martial; ambii semnând cu clubul englez Manchester United.

Loc	Jucător	De la	La	Poziție	Suma de transfer (mln £)	Suma de transfer (mln €)	An	Data nașterii	Ref.
1	Neymar	Barcelona	Paris Saint-Germain	Atacant	£198	€222	2017	1992	[1][2][3][4]
2	Dembele, OusmaneOusmane Dembélé	Borussia Dortmund	Barcelona	Atacant	£97	€105[a]	2017	1997	[5][6][7]
	Pogba, PaulPaul Pogba	Juventus	Manchester United	Mijlocaș	£89	€105[b]	2016	1993	[8][9][10][11]
4	Bale, GarethGareth Bale	Tottenham Hotspur	Real Madrid	Atacant	£86	€100	2013	1989	[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]
5	Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo	Manchester United	Real Madrid	Atacant	£80	€94	2009	1985	[20][21][22]
6	Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín	Napoli	Juventus	Atacant	£75.3	€90	2016	1987	[23][24][25]
7	Lukaku, RomeluRomelu Lukaku	Everton	Manchester United	Atacant	£75[c]	€85	2017	1993	[26][27][28][29]
8	van Dijk, VirgilVirgil van Dijk	Southampton	Liverpool	Fundaș	£75	€84,5	2018	1991	[30]
9	Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez	Liverpool	Barcelona	Atacant	£75	€82.3	2014	1987	[31][32]
10	Rodríguez, JamesJames Rodríguez	Monaco	Real Madrid	Mijlocaș	£63	€78	2014	1991	[33][34][35][36]
11	Zidane, ZinedineZinedine Zidane	Juventus	Real Madrid	Mijlocaș	£46.6	€77.5[d]	2001	1972	[38][39][40]
12	Di María, ÁngelÁngel Di María	Real Madrid	Manchester United	Mijlocaș	£59.7	€75.6	2014	1988	[41][42]
13	De Bruyne, KevinKevin De Bruyne	VfL Wolfsburg	Manchester City	Mijlocaș	£55	€75	2015	1991	[43][44]
14	Ibrahimović, ZlatanZlatan Ibrahimović	Internazionale	Barcelona	Atacant	£56	€69.5[e]	2009	1981	[45][46][47][48]
15	Kaká	Milan	Real Madrid	Mijlocaș	£56	€67[f]	2009	1982	[49][50][51][52][53]
16	Morata, ÁlvaroÁlvaro Morata	Real Madrid	Chelsea	Atacant	£58[g]	€65.5	2017	1992	[54][55]
17	Oscar	Chelsea	Shanghai SIPG	Mijlocaș	£60[h]	€65	2017	1991	[56][57][58]
18	Cavani, EdinsonEdinson Cavani	Napoli	Paris Saint-Germain	Atacant	£55	€64.5	2013	1987	[59][60][61][62]
19	Di María, ÁngelÁngel Di María	Manchester United	Paris Saint-Germain	Mijlocaș	£45	€64	2015	1988	[63][64][65]
20	Sterling, RaheemRaheem Sterling	Liverpool	Manchester City	Atacant	£44[i]	€62.5	2015	1994	[66][67]
21	Figo, LuísLuís Figo	Barcelona	Real Madrid	Mijlocaș	£37	€62	2000	1972	[68][69]
22	Radamel Falcao, Radamel Falcao	Atlético Madrid	Monaco	Atacant	£51	€60[j]	2013	1986	[70][71]
23	Torres, FernandoFernando Torres	Liverpool	Chelsea	Atacant	£50	€59	2011	1984	[72][73]
24	Crespo, HernánHernán Crespo	Parma	Lazio	Atacant	£35[k]	€58.5	2000	1975	[74][75]
25	Mendy, BenjaminBenjamin Mendy	Monaco	Manchester City	Fundaș	£52	€58.1	2017	1994	[necesită citare]
26	Neymar	Santos	Barcelona	Atacant	£48.6	€57.1[l]	2013	1992	[76][77][78][79]
26	Walker, KyleKyle Walker	Tottenham Hotspur	Manchester City	Fundaș	£50[m]	€57	2017	1990	[80][81]
	Costa, DiegoDiego Costa	Chelsea	Atlético Madrid	Atacant	£48.8[n]	€57	2018	1988	[82]
28	David Luiz	Chelsea	Paris Saint-Germain	Fundaș	£50[o]	€56	2014	1987	[83][84][85]
	Keïta, NabyNaby Keïta	RB Leipzig	Liverpool	Mijlocaș	£48	€56	2018	1995	[86]
30	Hulk	Zenit Saint Petersburg	Shanghai SIPG	Atacant	£46.4	€55.8	2016	1986	[87][88]
31	Stones, JohnJohn Stones	Everton	Manchester City	Fundaș	£47.5	€55.6	2016	1994	[89][90][91][92]
32	Lacazette, AlexandreAlexandre Lacazette	Lyon	Arsenal	Atacant	£46.5	€53[p]	2017	1991	[93][94]
33	Buffon, GianluigiGianluigi Buffon	Parma	Juventus	Portar	£33	€52[q]	2001	1978	[95]
34	Martial, AnthonyAnthony Martial	Monaco	Manchester United	Atacant	£36[r]	€51	2015	1995	[96][97][98]
35	Sigurðsson, GylfiGylfi Sigurðsson	Swansea City	Everton	Mijlocaș	£45	€50	2017	1989	[99]
36	Silva, BernardoBernardo Silva	Monaco	Manchester City	Mijlocaș	£43	€49.5	2017	1994	[100][101]
	Teixeira, AlexAlex Teixeira	Shakhtar Donetsk	Jiangsu Suning	Mijlocaș	£42.5	€49.5	2016	1988	[102][103]
	Ozil, MesutMesut Özil	Real Madrid	Arsenal	Mijlocaș	£42.5	€49.5	2013	1988	[104][105][106]
39	Vieri, ChristianChristian Vieri	Lazio	Internazionale	Atacant	£32	€49[s]	1999	1973	[107][108]
40	Mendieta, GaizkaGaizka Mendieta	Valencia	Lazio	Mijlocaș	£31	€48	2001	1972	[109][110]
41	Ferdinand, RioRio Ferdinand	Leeds United	Manchester United	Fundaș	£30	€47	2002	1978	[111][112]
42	Benteke, ChristianChristian Benteke	Aston Villa	Liverpool	Atacant	£32.5	€46.3	2015	1990	[113][114]
43	Mata, JuanJuan Mata	Chelsea	Manchester United	Mijlocaș	£37.1	€46	2014	1988	[115][116]
	Ronaldo	Internazionale	Real Madrid	Atacant	£29	€46	2002	1976	[117][118]
45	Bakayoko, TiémouéTiémoué Bakayoko	Monaco	Chelsea	Mijlocaș	£40	€45	2017	1993	[119]
	Junior, ViniciusVinícius Júnior	Flamengo	Real Madrid	Atacant	£39.6	€45	2018	2000	[120]
	Rodríguez, JamesJames Rodríguez	Porto	Monaco	Mijlocaș	£38.3	€45	2013	1991	[121][122]
	Lucas, Lucas	São Paulo	Paris Saint-Germain	Atacant	£38.3	€45	2013	1992	[123][124]
	Aguero, SergioSergio Agüero	Atlético Madrid	Manchester City	Atacant	£38	€45	2011	1988	[125][126][127][128]
	Verón, Juan SebastiánJuan Sebastián Verón	Lazio	Manchester United	Mijlocaș	£28.1	€45	2001	1975	[129][130]

1. ^ Ibrahimović was transferred in a part-exchange deal worth €46 million, plus the rights to Samuel Eto'o (valued at €20m by Barcelona), and a single season loan of Alexander Hleb. Since Hleb refused to move to Inter, Barcelona had to pay a reported extra €3m to complete Ibrahimović's switch. The combined fee was thus €69m.^[131]

Antrenori

André Villas-Boas a fost cumpărat de Chelsea de la Porto pentru o sumă record în 2012.

Poziție	Antrenor	De la	La	Suma de transfer (mln £)	Suma de transfer (mln €)	An
1	Villas-Boas, AndréAndré Villas-Boas[132]	Porto	Chelsea	£13.3	€15	2011
2	Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho[133]	Inter	Real Madrid	£6.8	€8	2010
T-3	Hughes, MarkMark Hughes[134]	Blackburn Rovers	Manchester City	£5	€6.2	2008
T-3	Rodgers, BrendanBrendan Rodgers[135]	Swansea City	Liverpool	£5	€6.2	2012
5	Pellegrini, ManuelManuel Pellegrini[136]	Villarreal	Real Madrid	£3.4	€4	2009
6	Ancelotti, CarloCarlo Ancelotti[137]	PSG	Real Madrid	£3.3	€3.8	2013
T-7	Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce[138]	Birmingham City	Wigan Athletic	£3	€3.4	2007
T-7	Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce[139]	Wigan Athletic	Sunderland	£3	€3.4	2009
8	Jardim, LeonardoLeonardo Jardim[140]	Sporting CP	Monaco	£2.3	€3	2014
T-10	Redknapp, HarryHarry Redknapp[141]	Portsmouth	Tottenham	£2	€2.5	2008
T-10	Martinez, RobertoRoberto Martinez[142]	Swansea City	Wigan Athletic	£2	€2.5	2009
T-10	Mowbray, TonyTony Mowbray[143]	West Bromwich Albion	Celtic	£2	€2.5	2009
T-10	Hodgson, RoyRoy Hodgson[144]	Fulham	Liverpool	£2	€2.5	2010
T-14	McLeish, AlexAlex McLeish[145]	Birmingham City	Aston Villa	£2	€2.2	2011
T-14	Martínez, RobertoRoberto Martínez[146]	Wigan Athletic	Everton	£2	€2.2	2013
16	Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho[147]	Porto	Chelsea	£1.7	€2.5	2004
T-17	O'Neill, MartinMartin O'Neill[148]	Leicester City	Celtic	£1	€1.1	2000
T-17	Moyes, DavidDavid Moyes[149]	Preston North End	Everton	£1	€1.1	2002
T-17	McLeish, AlexAlex McLeish[150]	Scoția	Birmingham City	£1	€1.1	2007
T-17	Coyle, OwenOwen Coyle[151]	Burnley	Bolton Wanderers	£1	€1.1	2010
T-17	Hughton, ChrisChris Hughton[152]	Birmingham City	Norwich City	£1	€1.1	2012

Note explicative

1. Initial €105 million plus reported €40 million bonuses
2. Fee was to be paid over time with an initial €105 million, plus another €5 million in additional bonuses; Pogba's agent Mino Raiola also received a reported €27m from Juventus, from a portion of aforementioned transfer fee from Manchester United.
3. Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £75 million, plus another £15 million in additional bonuses.
4. fee originally in 150 billion lire; the fixed exchange rate between euro and lire was 1:1936.27. The fee was paid in 4 annual installments;^[37] on accounting purpose, the fee was listed as approx. €75m^[37]
5. Initial transfer fee for Ibrahimović is indeterminable. According to Barcelona's press release, Ibrahimović signed a 5-year contract, for €46 million fee in installments and the exchange of Eto'o (valued at €20 million) and the loan of Alexander Hleb (with an option to buy for a €10 million fee), with a €250 million release clause, making Ibrahimović worth €66 million plus the undisclosed loan fee of Hleb. However, the Hleb deal collapsed. Eventually Ibrahimović cost Barcelona €69.884 million according to their financial report, which included other fees. As per the Inter book the fee was €69.5 million, but part of the Inter fee (max. 5% according to FIFA regulation) were deducted and distributed by Barcelona to youth clubs of Ibrahimović: Malmö FF and AFC Ajax as solidarity contribution.
6. The fee broke the world record in pound sterling, but not in euro; as the fee was paid in installments, the accountant that prepared the financial report adjusted the value to €66.073 million as the present value to reflect the loss in interest
7. Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £58 million, plus another £12 million in additional bonuses.
8. Estimated figure. The transfer fee has not been disclosed.
9. Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £44 million, plus another £5 million in additional bonuses.
10. Estimated figure. The transfer fee has not been disclosed.
11. Lazio broke the then-world transfer record by paying £35 million (£16 million upfront and transferred Matías Almeyda and Sérgio Conceição) to acquire Crespo. The total transfer fee later amounted to £40 million.
12. Fee was to be paid over time with an initial €57.1 million, plus another €2 million in additional bonuses. Neymar received a €10 million signing bonus. Neymar's agent also received €4 million.
13. Fee was to be paid over time with an initial £50 million (€57M), plus another £3 million in additional bonuses.
14. £48.8m with £8.8m in add-ons.
15. Estimated figure. The transfer fee has not been disclosed.
16. Fee was to be paid over time with an initial €53 million (£46.5M), plus another €7 million (£6.1M) in additional bonuses.
17. Part of the fees was paid via the transfer of Jonathan Bachini to Parma for a total of 100 billion lire; the fixed exchange rate of lira to euro was 1936.27 lire to 1 euro.
18. Manchester United paid £36 million up front for Martial, but his contract contains three bonus clauses worth £7.2 million each, taking the potential fee to £57.6 million. The clauses each relate to certain accomplishments being achieved in the next four years, including if Martial scores 25 goals during that span, amasses 25 caps for France or wins the Ballon d'Or before June 2019.
19. An indeterminate size of the fee was paid via the transfer of Diego Simeone to Lazio that totaled €45 million.