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ہن تک نوبل انعام جیتو شخصیتاں چوں 170 یہودی اس انعام نوں وصول کر چکے نیں جو کہ مجموعی طور اتے نوبل انعام جتل آلےآں دا 20 فیصد بن دے نیں جدونکہ دنیا چ یہودی پیروکاراں دی آبادی مجموعی طور اتے صرف0.2% اے۔(یا پنچ سو وچوں اک یہودی اے)مجموعی طور اتے یہودی شخصیتاں نے معاشیات دے شعبے چ 41فیصد ادویات چ 28 فیصد فزکس چ 26 فیصد، 19 فیصد کیمیاء چ13 فیصد ساہت چ جدونکہ 9 فیصد امن دے شعبے چ لئے نیں۔ سب توں پہلا یہودی شخص ایڈولف وون بئیر سی جے نے 1905 چ کیمیاء چ نوبل انعام وصول کیتا۔
سال | انعام یافتہ | ملک | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1910 | ![]() |
پال ہیسی[1][2] | جرمنی | "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[3] |
1927 | ![]() |
ہنری برگساں[2] | فرانس | "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"[4] |
1958 | بریس پاسترناک[2]> | Soviet Union | "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[5] | |
1966 | ![]() |
سیمویل یوسف اگنون[2] | Israel | "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"[6] |
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نیلی سکہس[2] | Sweden | "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"[6] | |
1976 | سال بیلو[2] | امریکا | "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"[7] | |
1978 | ![]() |
آئزک بشوس سنگر[2] | امریکا | "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"[8] |
1981 | ![]() |
الیاس کینٹی[2] | برطانیہ | "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"[9] |
1987 | ![]() |
جوزف برودسکی[2] | امریکا | "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"[10] |
1991 | ناڈینگورڈیمر[2] | South Africa | "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity"[11] | |
2002 | ![]() |
امری کرٹرز[2][12][13] | Hungary | "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"[14] |
2004 | ![]() |
الفرڈ جیلنک[15] | Austria | "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"[16] |
2005 | ![]() |
ہیرلڈ پنٹر[2][17] | برطانیہ | "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"[18] |
2014 | ![]() |
پیتریک مودیانو[19] | France | "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"[21] |
سال | انعام یافتہ | ملک | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1905 | ![]() |
ایڈولف وان بایر[22][23][24][25] | جرمنی | "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"[26] |
1906 | ![]() |
آنری موئساں[22][23][24][25][27] | France | "[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him"[28] |
1910 | ![]() |
اوتو والاخ[22][23][24][25] | جرمنی | "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"[29] |
1915 | ![]() |
رچرڈ ولسٹیٹر[22][23][24][25] | جرمنی | "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"[30] |
1918 | ![]() |
فرٹز ہیبر[22][23][24][25][31] | جرمنی | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"[32] |
1943 | ![]() |
جارج دی ہیوسی[22][23][24][25] | Hungary | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"[33] |
1961 | ![]() |
ملون کیلون[22][23][24][25] | امریکا | "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"[34] |
1962 | ![]() |
میکس پیروٹز[22][23][24][25][35] | برطانیہ | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"[36] |
1972 | ![]() |
کرسچن بی اینفنسن[22][25][37] | امریکا | "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"[38] |
ولیم ہورڈ سٹین[22][23][25] | امریکا | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"[38] | ||
1977 | فائل:Ilya Prigogine.jpg | الیا پرگوگین[22][23][25][39] | Belgium | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"[40] |
1979 | فائل:William Howard Stein.jpg | ہربرٹ سی براون[22][23][25][41] | امریکا | "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"[42] |
1980 | ![]() |
پاول برگ[22][23][25][43] | امریکا | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"[44] |
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والٹر گلبرٹ[22][23][25] | امریکا | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"[44] | |
1981 | ![]() |
روالڈ ہوف مین[22][23][25] | امریکا | "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"[45] |
1982 | ![]() |
ارون کلگ[22][23][25] | برطانیہ | "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"[46] |
1985 | ![]() |
جیروم کارلی[22][23][25][47][48][49] | امریکا | "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"[50] |
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ہربرٹ اے ہاوپٹمین[22][23][25][51][52][53][54] | امریکا | ||
1989 | ![]() |
سڈنی آلٹ مین[22][23][25] | Canada امریکا |
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"[55] |
1992 | ![]() |
روڈلف اے مارکس[22][23][25] | امریکا | "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"[56] |
1994 | ![]() |
جارج انڈریو اولاح[1][22][25] | Hungary | "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"[57] |
1996 | ![]() |
ہیری کروٹو[25][58] | England | "for the discovery of fullerenes"[59] |
1998 | ![]() |
والٹر کوہن[22][25][51][60][61] | امریکا | "for his development of the density-functional theory"[62] |
2000 | ![]() |
الان جے ہیگر[22][23][25][63] | امریکا | "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"[64] |
2004 | ![]() |
ارون چیکونور[25][65][66] | اسرائیل | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[67] |
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اورامہ[25][65] | Israel | ||
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ارون روس[25][68][69] | امریکا | ||
2006 | راجر ڈی کورنبرگ[65][70][71] | امریکا | "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"[72][73] | |
2008 | ![]() |
مارٹن کالفی[74] | امریکا | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP".[75] |
2009 | ![]() |
ادا یوناتھ[65] | Israel | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"[76] |
2011 | ڈان سیکٹ مین[77] | Israel | "for the discovery of quasicrystals"[78] | |
2012 | ![]() |
رابرٹ لیفکووٹز[79] | امریکا | "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"[80] |
2013 | ![]() |
اریا وارشل[81][82] | Israel | "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"[83] |
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مائیکل لیوٹ[81][82] | امریکا, Britain, Israel [84][85] | ||
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مارٹن کارپلس[81][82] | امریکا, Austria [86] | ||
سال | وصول کنندہ | ملک | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1908 | ![]() |
الئی مٹینیکو[24][25][87] | روس | "in recognition of their work on immunity"[88] |
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پاول اہرلچ[24][25][87] | جرمنی | ||
1914 | ![]() |
رابرٹ برانی[24][25][87] | Austria-Hungary | "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"[89] |
1922 | ![]() |
اوٹو فرٹز مئیر ہوف[24][25][87] | جرمنی | "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"[90] |
1930 | ![]() |
کارل لینڈ سٹینر[24][25][87] | Austria | "for his discovery of human blood groups"[91] |
1931 | ![]() |
اوٹو ہنرچ وار برگ[24][25] | جرمنی | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"[92] |
1936 | ![]() |
اوٹو لوئی[24][25][87] | Austria | "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"[93] |
1944 | ![]() |
جوزف ارلینگر[24][25][87][94] | امریکا | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[95] |
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ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر[24][25] | |||
1945 | ![]() |
ارنسٹ بوری چین[24][25][87] | برطانیہ | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"[96] |
1946 | فائل:Hermann Joseph Muller.jpg | ہرمن جوزف میولر[24][25][87] | امریکا | "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of ایکس شعاع irradiation"[97] |
1947 | ![]() |
گرٹی کوری[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[98] |
1950 | ![]() |
Tadeusz Reichstein[24][25][87] | Switzerland / Poland | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"[99] |
1952 | ![]() |
عیل مین والکمین[24][25][87] | امریکا | "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"[100] |
1953 | ![]() |
ہنس ایڈلف کرب[24][25][51][87] | برطانیہ | "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"[101] |
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فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین[87] | امریکا | "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"[101] | |
1958 | ![]() |
جیشوا لیڈربرگ[24][25][87] | امریکا | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"[102] |
1959 | ![]() |
آرتھر کورن برگ[24][25][47][87] | امریکا | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[103] |
1964 | کونارڈ ایمل بلوک[24][25][87][104] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"[105] | |
1965 | ![]() |
فرانکیوس جیکب[24][25][87] | France | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"[106] |
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انڈری مائیکل لوف[24][25][87] | |||
1967 | ![]() |
جارج والڈ[24][25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"[107] |
1968 | ![]() |
مارشل وارن نارنبرگ[24][25][87] | امریکا | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"[108] |
1969 | ![]() |
سیلواڈور لوریا[24][25][87] | امریکا, Italy | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"[109] |
1970 | ![]() |
جیولیوس ایکزل روڈ[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"[110] |
برنارڈ کٹز[24][25][87] | برطانیہ | |||
1972 | ![]() |
گیرالڈ ایڈر مین[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"[111] |
1975 | ڈیوڈ بلٹی مور[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell"[112] | |
ہوورڈ مارٹن ٹیمن[25][87] | امریکا | |||
1976 | ![]() |
باروچ سیمیول بلوم برگ[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"[113] |
1977 | ![]() |
انڈریو شیلی[25][87][114][115] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"[116] |
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روزالن سوسمین یالو[25][43][87] | امریکا | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"[116] | |
1978 | ڈینئیل نیتھن[25][87] | امریکا | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[117] | |
1980 | باروخ بن الصراف[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"[118] | |
1984 | ![]() |
سیسر میلسٹین[25][43][87] | Argentina |
"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"[119] |
1985 | ![]() |
مائیکل سٹاورٹ براون[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"[120] |
جوزف گولڈ سٹین[25][87] | امریکا | |||
1986 | ![]() |
Stanley Cohen[25][43][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries of growth factors"[121] |
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ریٹالیوی -مونٹلسینی[25][87][122] | Italy | ||
1988 | ![]() |
گرٹروڈ بی. الیون[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[123] |
1989 | ![]() |
ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس[25][43][87] | امریکا | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"[124] |
1994 | الفرڈ جی گلمین[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"[125] | |
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مارٹن روڈبل[25][87] | |||
1997 | سٹینلی بی پروسینر[25][87] | امریکا | "for his discovery of prions – a new biological principle of infection"[126] | |
1998 | ![]() |
رابرٹ فرشگوٹ[25][51][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[127] |
2000 | ![]() |
پاول گرین گارڈ[25][87] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"[128] |
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ارک کینڈل[25][87] | امریکا | ||
2002 | سڈنی برینر[25][87] | برطانیہ | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"[129] | |
ایچ رابرٹ ہروٹز[25][87] | امریکا | |||
2004 | ![]() |
رچرڈ اکزل[25][87][94][130] | امریکا | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[131] |
2006 | ![]() |
انڈریو فائر[87] | امریکا | "for his discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"[132] |
2011 | رالف ایم. سٹین مین[77][87][133][134][135] | Canada | for "his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"[136] | |
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بروس بیوٹلر[77][87][137] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" | |
2013 | جیمز روتھ مین[81][138][139] | امریکا | for "their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"[140] | |
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رینڈی شیک مین[81][138][139] | امریکا |
سال | وجہ | ملک | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1907 | ![]() |
البرٹ اے مچلسن[23][24][141] | امریکا | "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"[142] |
1908 | ![]() |
گبریل لیپمین[23][24][141] | France | "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"[143] |
1921 | ![]() |
البرٹ آئنسٹائن[23][24][141][144] | جرمنی | "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"[145] |
1922 | ![]() |
نیلز بوہر[23][24][141] | Denmark | "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"[146] |
1925 | ![]() |
جیمز فرانک[23][141] | جرمنی | "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an برقیہ upon an atom"[147] |
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Gustav Hertz[23][24] | جرمنی | ||
1943 | ![]() |
اوٹو سٹرن[23][141] | امریکا | "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"[148] |
1944 | ![]() |
ازیڈور ائیزک ربی[23][24][141] | امریکا | "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"[149] |
1945 | ![]() |
Wolfgang Pauli[141][150] | Austria | "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle"[151] |
1952 | ![]() |
فلکس بلوک[23][24][141] | امریکا | "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"[152] |
1954 | ![]() |
میکس بورن[23][24][141] | برطانیہ | "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"[153] |
1958 | ![]() |
الوا فرانک[141] | Soviet Union | "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"[154] |
1959 | ![]() |
Emilio Gino Segrè[23][24][141] | Italy | "for their discovery of the antiproton"[155] |
1960 | ![]() |
ڈونالڈ اے گلیسر[23][24][141] | امریکا | "for the invention of the bubble chamber"[156] |
1961 | ![]() |
رابرٹ ہوفسٹڈلر[23][24][141] | امریکا | "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"[157] |
1962 | ![]() |
لیو لینڈاؤ[23][24][141][158] | Soviet Union | "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"[159][160] |
1963 | ![]() |
یوجین پاول وگنر[141][161] | امریکا | "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"[162] |
1965 | ![]() |
رچرڈ فلپ فے مین[23][24][141][163] | امریکا | "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[164] |
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جولیان سکونگر[23][24][141] | امریکا | ||
1967 | ![]() |
ہنس بیتھ[141] | امریکا | "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"[165] |
1969 | ![]() |
ماری گیل مین[23][24][141][166] | امریکا | "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"[167] |
1971 | فائل:Dennis Gabor.jpg | ڈینس گبور[23][141] | برطانیہ | "for his invention and development of the holographic method"[168] |
1972 | ![]() |
لیون کوپر[141][141][169][170] | امریکا | "for his jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"[171] |
1973 | ![]() |
برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن[23] | برطانیہ | "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect"[172] |
1975 | ![]() |
بن روئے مٹل سن[23][141] | Denmark | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"[173] |
1976 | ![]() |
برٹن رچر[23][141] | امریکا | "for his pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"[174] |
1978 | ![]() |
ارنو الن پنزاس[23][141] | امریکا | "for his discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"[175] |
1979 | ![]() |
شیلڈن لی گلاشو[23][141] | امریکا | "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"[176] |
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سٹیون وینبرگ[23][141] | امریکا | ||
1987 | ![]() |
کارل ایلکزینڈر میولر[141] | Switzerland | "for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"[177] |
1988 | ![]() |
لیون ایم لیڈر مین[23][43][141] | امریکا | "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"[178] |
ملون سکوارٹز[23][141] | امریکا | |||
جیک سٹین برگر[23][141] | امریکا | |||
1990 | جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین[141] | امریکا | "for his pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"[179] | |
1992 | جیرج چارپک[141] | France / Poland | "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"[180] | |
1995 | ![]() |
مارٹن لیوس پیرل[141] | امریکا | "for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"[181] |
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فریڈرک رینز[141] | امریکا | "for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"[181] | |
1996 | ![]() |
David Morris Lee[1][141] | امریکا | "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"[182] |
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ڈوگلاس اوشروف[1] | امریکا | ||
1997 | کلاؤڈ کوہن-ٹناڈجی[141] | France | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light"[183] | |
2000 | ![]() |
زورس ایونوچ الفرو[1][141] | Russia | "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics"[184] |
2003 | ![]() |
الیکزی الیکزیوچ ابریکوسو[141] | Russia امریکا |
"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"[185] |
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وائٹلی گنزبرگ[141] | Russia | ||
2004 | ڈیوڈ جے گروس[65][141][186] | امریکا | "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"[187] | |
ہگ ڈیوڈ پیولٹزر[141] | امریکا | |||
2005 | ![]() |
روئے جے گلوبر[141] | امریکا | "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"[188] |
2011 | ![]() |
ایڈم ریس[77][141][189][190][191] | امریکا | "for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating"[188] |
![]() |
ساول پرلموتر[77][141][192][193] | امریکا | ||
2012 | ![]() |
سرگ ہروچ[194] | France | "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"[188] |
2013 | ![]() |
فرانکیوس انگلرٹ[81][195][196][197] | Belgium | "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"[198] |
سال | وصول کنندہ | ملک | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1911 | ![]() |
ٹوبیاس مائیکل کارل اسر[199] | The Netherlands | "Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law at the Hague; Cabinet Minister; Lawyer"[200] |
![]() |
الفرڈ ہرمن فرائڈ[201] | Austria | "Journalist; Founder of Die Friedenswarte"[200] | |
1968 | ![]() |
رینے کاسن | France | "President of the European Court for Human Rights"[202] |
1973 | ![]() |
Henry A. Kissinger[203] | امریکا | "For the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam War and a withdrawal of the American forces"[204][205] |
1978 | ![]() |
مناخم بیگن[206] | اسرائیل | "for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel"[207] |
1986 | ![]() |
ایلائ وائسل[208] | امریکا | "Chairman of "The President's Commission on the Holocaust""[209] |
1994 | ![]() |
اسحاق رابین | Israel | "to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East."[210] |
![]() |
شمعون پیریز | Israel | ||
1995 | ![]() |
جازف راٹبلاٹ | برطانیہ Poland |
"for his efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"[211] |
سال | وصول کنندہ | ملک | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | ![]() |
پاؤل سیمیولسن[212][213] | امریکہ | "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science" |
1971 | سائمن کزٹس[212][215] | امریکہ | "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[216] | |
1972 | ![]() |
کینتھ ارو[212][217] | امریکہ | "for his pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"[218] |
1973 | واسلےلیونٹیف[212] | Russia جرمنی امریکہ |
"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[219] | |
1975 | ![]() |
لیونڈکانٹروچ[212] | Soviet Union | "for his contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[220] |
1976 | ![]() |
ملٹن فریڈمان[212][217][221] | امریکہ | "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"[222] |
1978 | ہربرٹ اے۔ سائمن[212][223] | امریکہ | "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[224] | |
1980 | لاؤرنس کلائین[212][223] | امریکہ | "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[225] | |
1985 | ![]() |
فرانکو موڈگ لیامی[212][213] | Italy امریکہ |
"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[226] |
1987 | ![]() |
رابرٹ سولو[212] | امریکہ | "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth""[227] |
1990 | ہیری مارکوٹز[212][223] | امریکہ | "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""[228] | |
مرٹن ملر[212][223] | امریکا | |||
1992 | ![]() |
گارے بکر[212][223] | امریکہ | "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour""[229] |
1993 | ![]() |
رابرٹ فوگل[212][223] | امریکہ | "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[230] |
1994 | جون ہارسانئے[212][223][231] | Hungary | "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"[232] | |
1997 | ![]() |
میرون سکولز[212][223][233] | Canada | "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives"[234][235] |
2001 | ![]() |
جوزف اسٹگلیز[212][223] | امریکہ | "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"[236] |
![]() |
جارج اکرلوف[237] | امریکہ | ||
2002 | ![]() |
ڈینئیل کہنیمن[212][223] | Israel امریکہ |
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[238] |
2005 | ![]() |
رابرٹ اومن[212][239] | Israel امریکہ |
"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"[240] |
2007 | ![]() |
لیونڈ ہروکز[212][241][242][243][244] | امریکا Poland |
"For having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"[245] |
![]() |
ارک ماسکن[212][244][246] | امریکہ | ||
![]() |
روگر مائرسن[212][244] | امریکہ | ||
2008 | ![]() |
پاول کرگمین[212][247] | امریکہ | "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[248] |
2010 | ![]() |
پیٹر ڈائمنڈ[249][250] | امریکہ | "for his analysis of markets with search frictions"[251] |
2012 | ![]() |
الون اے روتھ[252] | امریکہ | "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design" [253] |
بریس پاسترناک, a Russian Jew, winner of the 1958 prize for literature, initially accepted the award, but—after intense pressure from Soviet authorities—subsequently declined it.[254][255][256][257]
اسرائیل چ اک گلی چ تختی لگی اے جس چ تمام یہودی نوبل انعام یافتگان دے نان کندہ نیں اس دا مقصد انہاں تمام حضرات نوں خراج تحسین پیش کرنا اے۔
The Israeli town of ریشون لضیون has a street in it dedicated to honoring all Jewish Nobel laureates. The street, called Tayelet Hatnei Pras Nobel (Nobel Laureates Boulevard/Promenade), has a monument with attached plaque for each Nobel laureate.[54]
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