Pertempuran Tours

Pertempuran Tours (10 Oktober 732)^[3] atau Pertempuran Poitiers atau معركة بلاط الشهداء (Ma‘arakat Balâṭ Ash-Shuhadâ’)code: ar is deprecated Pertempuran Bangsal Syuhada^[4] ialah pertempuran yang tercetus di Tours, kira-kira 20 kilometer (12 bt) di timur laut Poitiers, sekitar kawasan bersempadan antara wilayah kekuasaan Frank dan Aquitaine merdeka. Dalam pertempuran ini, orang Frank dan Burgundi^[5][6] pimpinan Charles Martel, penguasa Austrasia melawan tentera Bani Umayyah pimpinan gabenor Al-Andalus Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi. Pertempuran ini berakhir dengan kemenangan bangsa Frank, terbunuhnya Al-Ghafiqi, serta perluasan kekuasaan Martel ke selatan. Perincian pertempuran ini, termasuk lokasi yang sama dan jumlah tentera yang bertarung dalam pertempuran ini tidak dapat diketahui, namun menurut legenda pasukan Frank bertempur tanpa menggunakan pasukan berkuda.

Pertempuran Tours
Lukisan Charles de Steuben Bataille de Poitiers en Octobre 732 menggambarkan Charles Martel (berkuda) menghadapi Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi (kanan) dalam Pertempuran Tours.
Tarikh 10 Oktober 732 Lokasi dekat Tours, Perancis Keputusan Kemenangan Frank
Pihak yang terlibat
Orang Frank Karolingia	Kekhalifahan Umayyah
Komandan dan pemimpin
Charles Martel	Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi  †
Kekuatan
mungkin 20.000-30.000	tidak diketahui, namun sumber awal menyebutkan 80,000[1]
Kerugian dan korban
Tidak diketahui; 1,500 dilaporkan	Mungkin 10,000, termasuk Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi[2]

Kemenangan Frank dalam pertempuran ini merupakan awal berdirinya Kekaisaran Karolingia dan dominasi bangsa Frank ke atas Eropah, dan menurut sebahagian sejarawan, kemenangan ini telah menyelamatkan Agama Kristian dan menahan penaklukan umat Islam di Eropah. "Pendirian kekuasaan Frank di Eropah barat menentukan takdir benua tersebut, dan Pertempuran Tours memastikan kekuasaan tersebut."^[7]

Catatan kaki

1. The earliest Muslim source for this campaign is the Futūh Miṣr of Ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥakam (c. 803-71) — see Watson, 1993 and Torrey, 1922.
2. Hanson, 2001, p. 141.
3. Oman, 1960, m/s. 167.
4. Henry Coppée writes, "The same name (see ante) was given to the battle of Toulouse and is applied to many other fields on which the Moslemah were defeated: they were always martyrs for the faith" (Coppée, 1881/2002, m/s. 13.)
5. Bachrach, 2001, m/s. 276.
6. Fouracre, 2002, m/s. 87 citing the Vita Eucherii, ed. W. Levison, Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum VII, m/s. 46–53, b. 8, m/s. 49–50; Gesta Episcoporum Autissiodorensium, extracts ed. G. Waitz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores XIII, m/s. 394–400, b. 27, m/s. 394.
7. Davis, 1999, p. 106.

Rujukan dan bahan bacaan

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