Cercopithecidae

Cercopithecidae sunt familia mammalium ordinis Primatum, cui sunt 138 species in viginti quattuor genera digestae, ut hic sit maxima familiae primatum. Inter latissime notas cercopithecidas sunt genera Papio et Macaca, praeter Miopithecum, Cercopithecum, Colobum, Pygathrigem, Chlorocebum pygerythrum, Theropithecum gelada, papioninos, colobinas, mandrillum, Presbytidem, Erythrocebum patas, et Nasalem larvatum. Hominoideis per rationes phylogeneticas plus quam platyrrhinis artius coniunguntur. A communi platyrrhinorum progenitore abhinc annorum 55 milliones fere deflexerunt.

Papio anubis

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Mammalia
Ordo : Primates
Subordo : Haplorhini
Infraordo : Simiiformes
Parvordo : Catarrhini
Superfamilia : Cercopithecoidea
Familia : Cercopithecidae
Gray, 1821^[1]

Palaeontologia

Oligocaeno ad Holocaenum

Subdivisiones: Subfamiliae

Cercopithecinae - 12 genera

Colobinae - 11 genera

sister: Hominoidea

Genus typicum

Cercopithecus Linnaeus, 1758

Minimae cercopithecidae sunt species generis Miopitheci, capite et corpore a 34 ad 37 centimetra longis, a 0.7 ad 1.3 chiliogrammata ponderis. Maxima est Mandrillus sphinx mas, circiter 70 centimetra longus, et usque ad 50 chiliogrammata ponderis.^[2] Cercopithecidis sunt variae faciei proprietates: aliis est rostrum, aliis nasus planus; multae colores exhibent; plurimis sunt caudae, sed non prehensiles.

Cercopithecidae in Africa et Asia hodie endemicae sunt, varia circumiecta naturalia habitantes, inter quae silvae pluviales tropicae, savannae, terrae fruticum, et terrae montanae. Multas regiones Europaeas olim habitabant, sed soli superstites in Europa hodierna sunt Macaca sylvanus Gibraltariae; ignotum est, num in Gibraltaria ortae aut ad paeninsulam Ibericam ab hominibus importatae fuerint.

Nonnullae Cercopithecidae, sicut colobi, arboreales, aliaeque terrestria sunt, insigniter papiones. Plurimae sunt saltem aliquantulum omnivorae, sed omnes materiem plantarum malunt, quae maior eorum diaetarum pars est. Plurimae sunt callidi occasionis indagatores, fructus plerumque consumentes, sed paene omnibus cibis, qui praesto sunt, sicut floribus, foliis, bulbis, rhizomatibus, insectis, cochleis, parvis mammalibus,^[2] etiam adeo quisquiliis donisque humanis vescuntur.

Classificatio

Duae subfamiliae agnoscuntur, Cercopithecinae, quae plerumque Africanae sunt, sed diversum macacarum Asiae Africaeque Septentrionalis genus comprehendunt, et Colobinae, quae plurima genera Asiana, sed etiam colobos Africanos comprehendunt. Classificatio Linnaeana, in superfamilia incipiens, sequitur.

Superfamilia Cercopithecoidea
- † Alophe
- Familia Cercopithecidae
  - Subfamilia Cercopithecinae
    - Tribus Cercopithecini
      - Genus Allenopithecus
        Allenopithecus nigroviridis
      - Genus Miopithecus
        Miopithecus talapoin
        
        Miopithecus ogouensis
      - Genus Erythrocebus
        Erythrocebus patas
        
        Erythrocebus poliophaeus
      - Genus Chlorocebus
        Chlorocebus sabaeus
        
        Chlorocebus aethiops
        
        Chlorocebus djamdjamensis
        
        Chlorocebus tantalus
        
        Chlorocebus pygerythrus
        
        Chlorocebus cynosuros
      - Genus Cercopithecus
        Cercopithecus dryas
        
        Cercopithecus diana
        
        Cercopithecus roloway
        
        Cercopithecus nictitans
        
        Cercopithecus mitis
        
        Cercopithecus doggetti
        
        Cercopithecus kandti
        
        Cercopithecus albogularis
        
        Cercopithecus mona
        
        Cercopithecus campbelli
        
        Cercopithecus lowei
        
        Cercopithecus pogonias
        
        Cercopithecus wolfi
        
        Cercopithecus denti
        
        Cercopithecus petaurista
        
        Cercopithecus erythrogaster
        
        Cercopithecus sclateri
        
        Cercopithecus erythrotis
        
        Cercopithecus cephus
        
        Cercopithecus ascanius
        
        Cercopithecus lhoesti
        
        Cercopithecus preussi
        
        Cercopithecus solatus
        
        Cercopithecus hamlyni
        
        Cercopithecus lomamiensis
        
        Cercopithecus neglectus
    - Tribus Papionini
      - Genus Macaca
        Macaca sylvanus
        
        Macaca silenus
        
        Macaca nemestrina
        
        Macaca leonina
        
        Macaca pagensis
        
        Macaca siberu
        
        Macaca maura
        
        Macaca ochreata
        
        Macaca tonkeana
        
        Macaca hecki
        
        Macaca nigrescens
        
        Macaca nigra
        
        Macaca fascicularis
        
        Macaca arctoides
        
        Macaca mulatta
        
        Macaca cyclopis
        
        Macaca fuscata
        
        Macaca sinica
        
        Macaca radiata
        
        Macaca assamensis
        
        Macaca thibetana
        
        Macaca munzala
        
        Macaca leucogenys
      - Genus Lophocebus
        Lophocebus albigena
        
        Lophocebus aterrimus
        
        Lophocebus opdenboschi
        
        Lophocebus ugandae
        
        Lophocebus johnstoni
        
        Lophocebus osmani
      - Genus Rungwecebus
        Rungwecebus kipunji
      - Genus Papio
        Papio hamadryas
        
        Papio papio
        
        Papio anubis
        
        Papio cynocephalus
        
        Papio ursinus
      - Genus Theropithecus
        Theropithecus gelada
      - Genus Cercocebus
        Cercocebus atys
        
        Cercocebus torquatus
        
        Cercocebus agilis
        
        Cercocebus chrysogaster
        
        Cercocebus galeritus
        
        Cercocebus sanjei
      - Genus Mandrillus
        Mandrillus sphinx
        
        Mandrillus leucophaeus
  - Subfamilia Colobinae
    - Grex Africanus
      - Genus Colobus
        Colobus satanas
        
        Colobus angolensis
        
        Colobus polykomos
        
        Colobus vellerosus
        
        Colobus guereza
      - Genus Piliocolobus
        Piliocolobus badius
        
        Piliocolobus pennantii
        
        Piliocolobus preussi
        
        Piliocolobus tholloni
        
        Piliocolobus foai
        
        Piliocolobus epieni
        
        Piliocolobus tephrosceles
        
        Piliocolobus gordonorum
        
        Piliocolobus kirkii
        
        Piliocolobus rufomitratus
      - Genus Procolobus
        Procolobus verus
    - Grex
      - Genus Semnopithecus
        Semnopithecus schistaceus
        
        Semnopithecus ajax
        
        Semnopithecus hector
        
        Semnopithecus entellus
        
        Semnopithecus hypoleucos
        
        Semnopithecus dussumieri
        
        Semnopithecus priam
      - Genus Trachypithecus
        Grex T. vetulus
        Trachypithecus vetulus
        
        Trachypithecus johnii
        
        Grex T. cristatus
        Trachypithecus auratus
        
        Trachypithecus cristatus
        
        Trachypithecus germaini
        
        Trachypithecus barbei
        
        Grex T. obscurus
        Trachypithecus obscurus
        
        Trachypithecus phayrei
        
        Grex T. pileatus
        Trachypithecus pileatus
        
        Trachypithecus shortridgei
        
        Trachypithecus geei
        
        Grex T. francoisi
        Trachypithecus francoisi
        
        Trachypithecus hatinhensis
        
        Trachypithecus poliocephalus
        
        Trachypithecus laotum
        
        Trachypithecus delacouri
        
        Trachypithecus ebenus
      - Genus Presbytis
        Presbytis melalophos
        
        Presbytis femoralis
        
        Presbytis chrysomelas
        
        Presbytis siamensis
        
        Presbytis frontata
        
        Presbytis comata
        
        Presbytis thomasi
        
        Presbytis hosei
        
        Presbytis rubicunda
        
        Presbytis potenziani
        
        Presbytis natunae
    - Grex nasorum imparium
      - Genus Pygathrix
        Pygathrix nemaeus
        
        Pygathrix nigripes
        
        Pygathrix cinerea
      - Genus Rhinopithecus
        Rhinopithecus roxellana
        
        Rhinopithecus bieti
        
        Rhinopithecus brelichi
        
        Rhinopithecus avunculus
        
        Rhinopithecus strykeri
      - Genus Nasalis
        Nasalis larvatus
      - Genus Simias
        Simias concolor
      - Genus † Mesopithecus
        † Mesopithecus monspessulanu
        
        † Mesopithecus pentelici

Systemata socialia

In plurimis speciebus filiae cum matribus continuo manent, qua pro causa fundamentalis grex socialis inter cercopithecidas matrilinealis recte describitur. Mares adolescentes gregem relinquunt et se cum alio grege consociant. In multis speciebus, unus mas adultus intra quemque gregem solus habitat, omnes rivales abigens, sed mares potentissimi in aliis speciebus magis tolerantes sunt, coniunctiones hierarchicas inter mares auctoritate pollentis maresque subiectos constituentes. Magnitudines gregum late variant, etiam intra species, in copia cibi aliorumque opium naturalium positae.^[2]

Notae

[1]
Gray, J. E. (1821). "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals". London Medical Repository 15 (1): 296–310 .
[2]
Brandon-Jones, Douglas & Rowell, Thelma E. (1984). Macdonald, D.. ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. pp. 370–405. ISBN 0-87196-871-1 .

Bibliographia

Brandon-Jones, Douglas, et Thelma E. Rowell. 1984. "Guenons, Macaques and Baboons." In The Encyclopedia of Mammals. ed. David W. Macdonald, 370–405. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. ISBN 0-87196-871-1. Editio interretialis.
Ciani, Andrea Camperio, Loredana Martinoli, Claudio Capiluppi, Mohamed Arahou, et Mohamed Mouna. N.d. "Effects of Water Availability and Habitat Quality on Bark-Stripping Behavior in Barbary Macaques." Conservation Biology 15 (1): 259–65.
Gray, J. E. 1821. "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals." London Medical Repository 15 (1): 296–310.
Groves, C. P. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Ed. tertia, ed. D. E. Wilson et D. M. Reeder, 152–178. Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Perelman, Polina, Warren E. Johnson, Christian Roos, Hector N. Seuánez, Julie E. Horvath, Miguel A. M. Moreira, Bailey Kessing, Joan Pontius, Melody Roelke, Yves Rumpler, Maria Paula C. Schneider, Artur Silva, Stephen J. O'Brien, et Jill Pecon-Slattery. 2011. "Molecular Phylogeny of Living Primates." PLoS Genetics 7 (3): e1001342, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001342
Rasmussen, David Tab, Anthony R. Friscia, Mercedes Gutierrez, John Kappelman, Ellen R. Miller, Samuel Muteti, Dawn Reynoso, James B. Rossie, Terry L. Spell, Neil J. Tabor, Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, Bonnie F. Jacobs, Benson Kyongo, Mathew Macharwas, et Francis Muchemi. 2019. "Primitive Old World monkey from the earliest Miocene of Kenya and the evolution of cercopithecoid bilophodonty." PNAS 116 (13): 6051–56. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815423116.
Rasmussen, David Tab, Anthony R. Friscia, Mercedes Gutierrez, John Kappelman, Ellen R. Miller, Samuel Muteti, Dawn Reynoso, James B. Rossie, Terry L. Spell, Neil J. Tabor, Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, Bonnie F. Jacobs, Benson Kyongo, Mathew Macharwas, et Francis Muchemi. 2019. "Correction for Rasmussen et al., Primitive Old World monkey from the earliest Miocene of Kenya and the evolution of cercopithecoid bilophodonty." PNAS 116 (24): 12109. doi:10.1073/pnas.1907208116.
Rowe, Noel, et Marc Myers, eds. 2016.All the world's primates. Praefatio Ioannae Goodall; introductio Russell A. Mittermeier et Anthony B. Rylands; notae de taxinomia primatum et notionibus specierum Colin Groves. Charlestown Insulae Rhodensis: Pogonias Press. ISBN 9781940496054, ISBN 1940496055, ISBN 9781940496061, ISBN 1940496063.
Setchell, Joanna M., et Alan F. Dixson. 2002. "Developmental variables and dominance rank in adolescent male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)." American Journal of Primatology 56 (1): 9–25.
Whitehead, Paul F., et Clifford J. Jolly, eds. 2006. Old World Monkeys. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521028097, ISBN 0521028094.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Cercopithecidas spectant.

Vide "Cercopithecidas" apud Vicispecies.

Vide "Cercopithecoidea" apud Vicispecies.

Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Fossilworks

[1] [1]
Gray, J. E. (1821). "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals". London Medical Repository 15 (1): 296–310 .

[EoM370-405-2] [2]
Brandon-Jones, Douglas & Rowell, Thelma E. (1984). Macdonald, D.. ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. pp. 370–405. ISBN 0-87196-871-1 .

[1]

[2]