Decapoda

Decapoda sunt ordo Crustaceorum intra classem Malacostracorum, quibus sunt multi greges familiares, praecipue Astacoidea, Parastacoidea, Brachyura, Nephropidae, Dendrobranchiata, et Caridea. Plurima decapoda sunt necrophagi. Zoologi aestimant ordinem paene 15 000 specierum in circa 2700 generum continere, quarum fere 3300 sunt species fossiles.^[1] Paene dimidium harum specierum sunt Brachyura, et plurimum quod restat sunt Caridea (circa 3000 specierum) et Anomura (Paguroidea, Porcellanidae, Galatheidae, Chirostylidae, et Kiwaidaes, coniunctim circa 2500 specierum).^[1] Antiquissimum decapodum fossile iam inventum est Palaeopalaemon, ex aevo Devoniano.^[2]

"Decapoda" ex Ernsti Haeckel Kunstformen der Natur (1904)

Animalia — Arthropoda

Subphylum : Crustacea
Classis : Malacostraca
Subclassis : Eumalacostraca
Superordo : Eucarida
Ordo : Decapoda
Latreille, 1802

Palaeontologia

419–0 m.a.: Devonium > Recens

Subdivisiones: Subordines

*Dendrobranchiata

Pleocyemata
Pro superfamiliis, vide commentarium.

Secundum nomen decapoda (ex Graeco δέκα 'decem' + πούς, ποδός, 'pes, pedis'), omnibus decapodibus sunt crura decem, quae formam habent quinque parium appendicum thoracicarum in ultimis quinque segmentis thoracicis sitis. Tria paria anterioria simul laborant partes oris, et ergo maxillipedes usitate appellantur; reliquia sunt pereiopoda. In multis autem decapodis, uno crurum pari sunt forcipes augmentatae; propter chelas, illa crura chelipedes appellari possunt. Quodque par aliarum appendicum in abdomine pleopoda biramosa ferre potest, quorum ultima sunt partes flabelli caudalis (una cum telsone) et ergo appellantur uropoda.

Dependet classificatio intra ordinem Decapoda de structura branchiarum et crurum, et de modo quo larvae crescunt, quibus pro causis sunt duo subordines: Dendrobranchiata et Pleocyemata. Dendrobranchiata in Dendrobranchiatis consistunt, quorum plurimi vulgo dubieque appellantur "caridea," sicut "carideum album," rite Litopenaeus setiferus. Pleocyemata residuos comprehendunt greges, praecipue Caridea vera. Greges qui usitate ambulant, contra natare (Pleocyemata, Stenopodideis et Carideis exclusis), cladum componunt, Reptantia appellatum.^[3]

Haec classificatio ad gradum superfamiliarum investigationes De Grave et al. sequitur.^[1]

Ordo Decapoda Latreille, 1802

Subordo Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888
- Penaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Sergestoidea Dana, 1852
Subordo Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
- Infraordo Stenopodidea Bate, 1888
- Infraordo Caridea Dana, 1852
  - Procaridoidea Chace & Manning, 1972
  - Galatheacaridoidea Vereshchaka, 1997
  - Pasiphaeoidea Dana, 1852
  - Oplophoroidea Dana, 1852
  - Atyoidea De Haan, 1849
  - Bresilioidea Calman, 1896
  - Nematocarcinoidea Smith, 1884
  - Psalidopodoidea Wood-Mason, 1874
  - Stylodactyloidea Bate, 1888
  - Campylonotoidea Sollaud, 1913
  - Palaemonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Alpheoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Processoidea Ortmann, 1896
  - Pandaloidea Haworth, 1825
  - Physetocaridoidea Chace, 1940
  - Crangonoidea Haworth, 1825
- Infraordo Astacidea Latreille, 1802
  - Enoplometopoidea de Saint Laurent, 1988
  - Nephropoidea Dana, 1852
  - Astacoidea Latreille, 1802
    - Cambaridae
      - Procambarus
  - Parastacoidea Huxley, 1879
- Infraordo Glypheidea Winckler, 1882
  - Glypheoidea Winckler, 1882
- Infraordo Axiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979b
- Infraordo Gebiidea de Saint Laurent, 1979
- Infraordo Achelata Scholtz & Richter, 1995
- Infraordo Polychelida Scholtz & Richter, 1995
- Infraordo Anomura MacLeay, 1838
  - Aegloidea Dana, 1852
  - Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819
  - Hippoidea Latreille, 1825a
  - Kiwaoidea Macpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2005
  - Lithodoidea Samouelle, 1819
  - Lomisoidea Bouvier, 1895
  - Paguroidea Latreille, 1802
- Infraordo Brachyura Linnaeus, 1758
  - Sectio Dromiacea De Haan, 1833
    - Dromioidea De Haan, 1833
    - Homolodromioidea Alcock, 1900
    - Homoloidea De Haan, 1839
  - Sectio Raninoida De Haan, 1839
  - Sectio Cyclodorippoida Ortmann, 1892
  - Sectio Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980
    - Subsectio Heterotremata Guinot, 1977
      - Aethroidea Dana, 1851
      - Bellioidea Dana, 1852
      - Bythograeoidea Williams, 1980
      - Calappoidea De Haan, 1833
      - Cancroidea Latreille, 1802
      - Carpilioidea Ortmann, 1893
      - Cheiragonoidea Ortmann, 1893
      - Corystoidea Samouelle, 1819
      - Dairoidea Serène, 1965
      - Dorippoidea MacLeay, 1838
      - Eriphioidea MacLeay, 1838
      - Gecarcinucoidea Rathbun, 1904
      - Goneplacoidea MacLeay, 1838
      - Hexapodoidea Miers, 1886
      - Leucosioidea Samouelle, 1819
      - Majoidea Samouelle, 1819
      - Orithyioidea Dana, 1852c
      - Palicoidea Bouvier, 1898
      - Parthenopoidea MacLeay,
      - Pilumnoidea Samouelle, 1819
      - Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815
      - Potamoidea Ortmann, 1896
      - Pseudothelphusoidea Ortmann, 1893
      - Pseudozioidea Alcock, 1898
      - Retroplumoidea Gill, 1894
      - Trapezioidea Miers, 1886
      - Trichodactyloidea H. Milne-Edwards, 1853
      - Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838
    - Subsectio Thoracotremata Guinot, 1977
      - Cryptochiroidea Paul'son, 1875
      - Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838
      - Ocypodoidea Rafinesque, 1815
      - Pinnotheroidea De Haan, 1833

[1]
Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyongl et al. (2009), "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans," Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21: 1–109. PDF.
[2]
Robert P. D. Crean (November 14, 2004). "Order Decapoda: Fossil record and evolution". University of Bristol .
[3]
G. Scholtz & S. Richter (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantian Decapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113 (3): 289–328 .