Vitamin D

Vitamin D minangka pepanthan vitamin prohormone larut lemak . ^[1] Vitamin D uga dikenal minangka kalserolol . ^[2] Jeneng iki adhedhasar Internasional Union of Pure and Applied Chemist ( IUPAC ). ^[3] Ing awak, vitamin iki duwé peran ing pambentukan struktur balung lan untu sing apik . ^[4] Vitamin iki ditemokaké ing jeruk, stroberi, tomat, brokoli, lan sayuran ijo liyané.

Cholecalciferol (D ₃ )

Ergocalciferol (D ₂ ). Deleng simpulané kaping pindho ing tengah ndhuwur.

Wujud vitamin D

Vitamin iki dhéwé minangka turunan molekul steroid sing asale saka kolesterol . ^[5] Ana rong bentuk aktif vitamin iki, yaiku vitamin D2 (ercalcitriol) lan vitamin D3 (calcitriol). Aktivitas Vitamin D ditindakaké dening hormon parathyroid. ^[3] Vitamin D2 utawa uga dikenal minangka ergocalciferol (wangun ora aktif) asale saka turunan senyawa kolesterol sing ditemokaké ragi lan tanduran. Vitamin D3 ( cholecalciferol ) dhéwé asale saka senyawa 7-dehidrokolesterol (bentuk ora aktif). Kelompok vitamin iki umume ditemokaké ing kulit manungsa. Ing ginjel, vitamin D diowahi dadi bentuk aktif sing diarani <i id="mwOw">1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol</i> . ^[6]

Paraga ing awak

Ing awak, vitamin D bisa mbentuk struktur balung lan untu sing kuwat. Vitamin D nambah panyerapan kalsium ing saluran pencernaan. Kajaba iku, vitamin D uga bisa nguataké sistem kekebalan lan nyegah macem-macem jinis kanker . ^[3] Ing kekurangan vitamin D, awak bakal ngalami macem-macem penyakit, kalebu osteoporosis, osteopenia, diabetes, hipertensi, lan macem-macem penyakit jantung, ^{[5] [2]} kanker payudara, ^[7] lan kanker endometrium . ^[8]

Molekul aktif vitamin D, yaiku kalkitriol, minangka pemain utama metabolisme penyerapan kalsium dadi balung, otot, uga imunomodulators sing mengaruhi sistem kekebalan ^[9] kanggo nglawan sawetara penyakit, kalebu diabetes lan kanker . ^[10] Sumber utama vitamin D yaiku kulit sing kena infeksi radiasi ultraviolet.

Ing awak, vitamin D diserep ing usus kanthi bantuan senyawa uyah empedu . Sawise diserep, vitamin iki banjur bakal disimpen ing jaringan lemak ( adipose ) kanthi bentuk sing ora aktif. ^[3]

Prodhuksi Vitamin D

hVitamin D mung siji jinis vitamin sing diasilaké awak. ^[3] Nalika kapapar srengenge, senyawa prekursor 7-dehidrolcholesterol bakal diowahi dadi senyawa cholecalciferol . Induksi iki biasané disebabaké sinar ultraviolet B (UVB). Ing tahap sabanjure, senyawa cholecalciferol iki bakal diowahi dadi senyawa kalsium sing minangka bentuk vitamin D sing aktif ing awak. Calcitrol dhéwé diprodhuksi ing ginjel sing banjur bakal disebar menyang bagean awak sing mbutuhaké, utamané ing organ balung lan untu .

Pranala njaba

• (ing basa Inggris) Analisis asosiasi komprehensif gen jalur vitamin D, VDR, CYP27B1, lan CYP24A1, kanker prostat.
• (ing basa Inggris) Sistem Vitamin D-Endokrin

Cathetan

1. (ing basa Inggris)"Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D". National Institutes of Health. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2007-07-16. Dibukak ing 2007-09-10.
2. Lee JH, O'Keefe JH, Bell D, Hensrud DD, Folick MF. 2008. An important, common, and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor. J Am Coll Cardiol 52:1949-56.
3. Basics. DSM Nutritional Products.
4. Kim YS, Stumpff WE, Clark SA, Sar M, deLuca HF. 1983. Target Cells for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Developing Rat Incisor Teeth. J Dent Res 62(1):58-59.
5. Holick MF. 2007. Vitamin D deficiency. Med Pro 357:266-281.
6. (ing basa Inggris)"Analysis of SNPs and Haplotypes in Vitamin D Pathway Genes and Renal Cancer Risk". Core Genotyping Facility at the Advanced Technology Center of the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Institute of Public Health, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center; Sara Karami, Paul Brennan, Philip S. Rosenberg, Marie Navratilova, Dana Mates, David Zaridze, Vladimir Janout, Helena Kollarova, Vladimir Bencko, Vsevolod Matveev, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Ivana Holcatova, Meredith Yeager, Stephen Chanock, Idan Menashe, Nathaniel Rothman, Wong-Ho Chow, Paolo Boffetta, dan Lee E. Moore. Dibukak ing 2010-12-10.
7. (ing basa Inggris)"Vitamin D, calcium and prevention of breast cancer: a review". Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Strang Cancer Research Laboratory at The Rockefeller University; Lipkin M, Newmark HL. Dibukak ing 2010-12-10.
8. (ing basa Inggris)"Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review of the literature". Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente; Marjorie L. McCullough, Elisa V. Bandera, Dirk F. Moore, dan Lawrence H. Kushi. Dibukak ing 2010-12-10.
9. (ing basa Inggris)"Vitamin D signaling in immune-mediated disorders: Evolving insights and therapeutic opportunities". Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (Legendo), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Baeke F, van Etten E, et al. Dibukak ing 2010-02-26.
10. (ing basa Inggris)"Vitamin D". Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Dixon KM, Mason RS. Dibukak ing 2010-02-26.