天王星の大気(Atmosphere of Uranus)は、木星や土星等の木星型惑星の大気と同様に、主に水素とヘリウムで構成されている。深部では、水、アンモニア、メタン等の揮発物が多い。上層はその反対で、温度が低いため、水素、ヘリウムより重い気体はほとんどない。天王星の大気は、太陽系の全ての惑星の中で最も冷たく、49Kにも達する。
Bishop,J.;Atreya,S. K.;Herbert,F.;Romani,P.(1990-12),“Reanalysis of Voyager 2 UVS occultations at Uranus - Hydrocarbon mixing ratios in the equatorial stratosphere”,Icarus88: 448-464,Bibcode:1990Icar...88..448B,doi:10.1016/0019-1035(90)90094-P
Burgdorf,Martin;Orton,Glenn;van Cleve,Jeffrey;Meadows,Victoria;Houck,James(2006-10),“Detection of new hydrocarbons in Uranus' atmosphere by infrared spectroscopy”,Icarus184(2): 634-637,Bibcode:2006Icar..184..634B,doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.006
Conrath,B.;Gautier,D.;Hanel,R.;Lindal,G.;Marten,A.(1987-12-30),“The helium abundance of Uranus from Voyager measurements”,Journal of Geophysical Research92: 15003-15010,Bibcode:1987JGR....9215003C,doi:10.1029/JA092iA13p15003
Encrenaz,Th.;Drossart,P.;Orton,G.;Feuchtgruber,H.;Lellouch,E.;Atreya,S. K.(2003-12),“The rotational temperature and column density of H3+ in Uranus”,Planetary and Space Science51(14-15): 1013-1016,Bibcode:2003P&SS...51.1013E,doi:10.1016/j.pss.2003.05.010
Feuchtgruber,H.;Lellouch,E.;Bézard,B.;Encrenaz,Th.;de Graauw,Th.;Davis,G. R.(January 1999).“Detection of HD in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune: a new determination of the D/H ratio”.Astronomy and Astrophysics341: L17–L21.Bibcode:1999A&A...341L..17F.
Fry, Patrick M.; Sromovsky, L. A. (2009). Implications of New Methane Absorption Coefficients on Uranus Vertical Structure Derived from Near-IR Spectra. DPS meeting #41, #14.06. American Astronomical Society. Bibcode:2009DPS....41.1406F。
Hammel,H. B.;Sromovsky,L. A.;Fry,P. M.;Rages,K.;Showalter,M.;de Pater,I.;van Dam,M. A.;LeBeau,R. P.et al.(2009-05),“The Dark Spot in the atmosphere of Uranus in 2006: Discovery, description, and dynamical simulations”,Icarus201(1): 257-271,Bibcode:2009Icar..201..257H,doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.019
Irwin,P. G. J.;Teanby,N. A.;Davis,G. R.(2007-08),“Latitudinal Variations in Uranus' Vertical Cloud Structure from UKIRT UIST Observations”,Astrophysical Journal665(1): L71-L74,Bibcode:2007ApJ...665L..71I,doi:10.1086/521189
Irwin,P. G. J.;Teanby,N. A.;Davis,G. R.(2010-08),“Revised vertical cloud structure of Uranus from UKIRT/UIST observations and changes seen during Uranus’ Northern Spring Equinox from 2006 to 2008: Application of new methane absorption data and comparison with Neptune”,Icarus208(2): 913-926,Bibcode:2010Icar..208..913I,doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.017
Lam,Hoanh An;Miller,Steven;Joseph,Robert D.;Geballe,Thomas R.;Trafton,Laurence M.;Tennyson,Jonathan;Ballester,Gilda E.(1997-01-01),“Variation in the H3+ Emission of Uranus”,Astrophysical Journal474(1): L73-L76,Bibcode:1997ApJ...474L..73L,doi:10.1086/310424
Lindal,G. F.;Lyons,J. R.;Sweetnam,D. N.;Eshleman,V. R.;Hinson,D. P.;Tyler,G. L.(1987-12-30),“The atmosphere of Uranus - Results of radio occultation measurements with Voyager 2”,Journal of Geophysical Research92: 14987-15001,Bibcode:1987JGR....9214987L,doi:10.1029/JA092iA13p14987
Lodders,Katharina(2003-07),“Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements”,Astrophysical Journal591(2): 1220-1247,Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L,doi:10.1086/375492
Miller,Steve;Aylward,Alan;Millward,George(2005-01),“Giant Planet Ionospheres and Thermospheres: The Importance of Ion-Neutral Coupling”,Space Science Reviews116(1-2): 319-343,Bibcode:2005SSRv..116..319M,doi:10.1007/s11214-005-1960-4
Pearl,J. C.;Conrath,B. J.;Hanel,R. A.;Pirraglia,J. A.;Coustenis,A.(1990-03),“The albedo, effective temperature, and energy balance of Uranus, as determined from Voyager IRIS data”,Icarus84: 12-28,Bibcode:1990Icar...84...12P,doi:10.1016/0019-1035(90)90155-3
Pollack,James B.;Rages,Kathy;Pope,Shelly K.;Tomasko,Martin G.;Romani,Paul N.;Atreya,Sushil K.(1987-12-30),“Nature of the stratospheric haze on Uranus - Evidence for condensed hydrocarbons”,Journal of Geophysical Research92: 15037-15065,Bibcode:1987JGR....9215037P,doi:10.1029/JA092iA13p15037
Sromovsky,L. A.;Irwin,P. G. J.;Fry,P. M.(2006-06),“Near-IR methane absorption in outer planet atmospheres: Improved models of temperature dependence and implications for Uranus cloud structure”,Icarus182(2): 577-593,Bibcode:2006Icar..182..577S,doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.01.008
Sromovsky,L. A.;Fry,P. M.;Hammel,H. B.;Ahue,W. M.;de Pater,I.;Rages,K. A.;Showalter,M. R.;van Dam,M. A.(2009-09),“Uranus at equinox: Cloud morphology and dynamics”,Icarus203(1): 265-286,Bibcode:2009Icar..203..265S,doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.015
Summers,Michael E.;Strobel,Darrell F.(1989-11-01),“Photochemistry of the atmosphere of Uranus”,Astrophysical Journal346: 495-508,Bibcode:1989ApJ...346..495S,doi:10.1086/168031
Trafton,L. M.;Miller,S.;Geballe,T. R.;Tennyson,J.;Ballester,G. E.(1999-10),“H2 Quadrupole and H3+ Emission from Uranus: The Uranian Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Aurora”,Astrophysical Journal524(2): 1059-1083,Bibcode:1999ApJ...524.1059T,doi:10.1086/307838
Tyler,G. L.;Sweetnam,D. N.;Anderson,J. D.;Campbell,J. K.;Eshleman,V. R.;Hinson,D. P.;Levy,G. S.;Lindal,G. F.et al.(1986-07-04),“Voyager 2 radio science observations of the Uranian system Atmosphere, rings, and satellites”,Science233: 79-84,Bibcode:1986Sci...233...79T,doi:10.1126/science.233.4759.79
Young,Leslie A.;Bosh,Amanda S.;Buie,Marc;Elliot,J. L.;Wasserman,Lawrence H.(2001-10),“Uranus after Solstice: Results from the 1998 November 6 Occultation”,Icarus153(2): 236-247,Bibcode:2001Icar..153..236Y,doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6698