この時代における資料としては『アングロサクソン年代記』が重要であるものの、この資料の中でエゼルフレダについてほとんど言及されていない[13]。この事実に関して、歴史家の F. T. ウェインライトはこの年代記の編纂された時代のイングランド王であり、エセルフリーダの兄であるエドワード長兄王が、マーシア人の自立意識を高めることを恐れ、彼の妹の業績を描かせなかったのではないかと推測している [13]。
アングロサクソン年代記のウエスト・サクソン版では、エセルフリーダは単にエドワード王の妹として記述されているが、マーシア版では彼女を「マーシアの貴婦人(Lady of the Mercians)」として表現しており、アイルランドとウェールズの年代記は彼女は女王と表現されている[40]。アルフレッド大王と長兄王エドワードの死についての記載がないアルスター年代記は彼女をfamosissima regina Saxonum (名高きサクソンの女王)と表現した [41][42]。彼女はまた、ウースターのジョンやマルムズベリのウィリアムなどのアングロノルマンの歴史家からも称賛され、「[エドワード]の強力な助力者、彼の国民にとっての喜び、彼の敵にとっての恐怖、偉大な魂を持つ女性」と表現した [16]。12世紀の歴史家、ヘンリー・オブ・ハンティングドンは彼女に下記のような賛辞を送っている。
Marios Costambeys dates Æthelflæd's birth to the early 870s,[18] but Maggie Bailey argues that as she was her parents' first child and they married in 868, she was probably born in 869–70[19]
Edward did not conquer the Viking Kingdom of York in southern Northumbria. Æthelstan took control of it in 927 but after his death in 939 the kingdom was contested until the expulsion of the last Norse king in 954.[38]
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