1859年の太陽嵐(1859ねんのたいようあらし、Solar storm of 1859)は、第10太陽活動周期の期間中の1859年に起こった強力な太陽嵐である。英語では1859 Solar Superstorm[1]やCarrington Event(キャリントン・イベント)[2]とも表記される。リチャード・キャリントンによって、現在、記録に残る中で最も大きな太陽フレアが観測された。
氷床コア中に含まれる硝酸塩濃度の分析により、直接の観測結果のない過去の大規模な太陽嵐等の発生状況を調査することができる。これは高エネルギー線によって大気上層部に窒素酸化が起きることを利用している[10][11]。グリーンランドの氷床コアのデータがKenneth G. McCrackenらによって集められ[12]、この規模(地磁気の影響の大きさではなく高エネルギー陽子の放出によって評価される)の太陽嵐がほぼ500年ごとに起こっており、少なくともこの5分の1の規模の太陽嵐が1世紀に何度かずつ起こっている証拠が得られた[13]。1921年と1960年にも小規模な太陽嵐が発生し世界中で電波障害が発生したことが報告されている。
National Geographic, "What If the Biggest Solar Storm on Record Happened Today?," by Richard A. Lovett (March 2nd, 2011 - retrieved on September 5th, 2011).
Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: A Workshop, National Research Council(2008).Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report.National Academies Press.p.13.ISBN0-309-12769-6
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