Orang Britania Raya

Orang Britania (bahasa Inggris: British people) adalah warga Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara, Wilayah Seberang Laut Britania, dan Dependensi Kerajaan.^[28][29][30] Hukum kewarganegaraan Britania Raya mengatur kewarganegaraan dan kewarganegaraan Britania modern, yang dapat diperoleh, misalnya, dengan keturunan dari warga negara Britania. Ketika digunakan dalam konteks sejarah, "orang Britania" atau "orang Briton" juga dapat merujuk pada orang Suku Briton, penduduk asli Britania Raya, dan Brittany yang anggotanya yang masih bertahan adalah Bangsa Wales modern, Kernowyon, dan Breton. Bangsa ini juga dapat merujuk pada warga bekas Imperium Britania.

Orang Britania

Jumlah populasi
Britania 72 juta Diaspora Britania 140 juta[1]
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
Britania Raya	57,678,000[upper-alpha 1][2]
Amerika Serikat	34,275,567[upper-alpha 2] 678,000[upper-alpha 3] [3][4]
Australia	10,764,870[upper-alpha 2][5] 1,300,000[upper-alpha 4] [6]
Kanada	10,753,945[upper-alpha 2] 609,000[upper-alpha 4] [7]
Selandia Baru	2,425,278[upper-alpha 2] 217,000[upper-alpha 4] [8]
Afrika Selatan	1,603,575 750,000[upper-alpha 4] [6][9]
Chili	700,000[upper-alpha 2][10]
Prancis	400,000[upper-alpha 4][11]
Irlandia	291,000[upper-alpha 4][6]
Argentina	250,000[upper-alpha 2][12]
Wilayah Seberang Laut Britania Raya	247,899[13]
Uni Emirat Arab	240,000[upper-alpha 3][14]
Spanyol	236,669[upper-alpha 4][15][16]
Peru	150,000[upper-alpha 2][17]
Jerman	115,000[upper-alpha 3][18]
Pakistan	79,447[upper-alpha 4][19]
Siprus	59,000[upper-alpha 3][18]
Thailand	51,000[upper-alpha 3][20]
Singapura	45,000[upper-alpha 3][20]
Swiss	45,000[upper-alpha 3][21]
Belanda	44,000[upper-alpha 3][21]
Israel	44,000[22]
Portugal	41,000[upper-alpha 3][21]
Swedia	39,989[upper-alpha 3]
Italia	26,000[4] 39,177[23]
Norwegia	34,279[upper-alpha 2][24]
Turki	34,000[upper-alpha 3][21]
India	32,000[upper-alpha 3][25]
Kenya	29,000[upper-alpha 3][26]
Belgia	28,000[upper-alpha 3][21]
Barbados	27,000[upper-alpha 3][27]
Arab Saudi	26,000[upper-alpha 3]
Jamaika	25,000[upper-alpha 3][27]
Bahasa
Inggris Kernowek Guernésiais Irlandia Jèrriais Llanito Manx Wales Scots (termasuk Skots Ulster) Gaelik Skotlandia
Agama
Kekristenan (Anglikanisme, Protestantisme, Katolik Roma) lihat pula Agama di Britania Raya

Meskipun pernyataan awal menjadi orang Britania berasal dari Abad Pertengahan Akhir, penciptaan Kerajaan Britania Raya^{[31][32][33][34][35]} pada tahun 1707 memicu rasa identitas nasional Britania.^[36] Gagasan kebangsaan Britania (Britishness) ditempa selama Perang Napoleon antara Britania dan Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis,dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut selama era Victoria.^[37] Sejarah kompleks pembentukan Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia menciptakan "rasa kebangsaan dan kepemilikan" di Inggris dan Irlandia; Gagasan kebangsaan Britania ditumpangkan pada identitas yang jauh lebih tua", dari budaya Inggris, Skotlandia, Welsh, dan Irlandia, yang kekhasannya masih menolak gagasan tentang identitas Britania yang homogen.^[38] Karena perpecahan etnis-sektarian yang sudah lama, identitas Britania di Irlandia Utara sangat kontroversial, tetapi dipegang dengan keyakinan kuat oleh kaum Union.^[39]

Orang Britania modern diturunkan terutama dari berbagai kelompok etnis yang menetap di Pulau Britania Raya pada dan sebelum abad ke-11: Prasejarah, Brittonik, Romawi, Anglo-Saxon, Norse, dan Normandia.^[40] Penyatuan politik progresif Kepulauan Britania memfasilitasi migrasi, pertukaran budaya dan bahasa, dan perkawinan antara orang-orang Inggris, Skotlandia, Wales, dan Irlandia selama Abad Pertengahan, akhir periode modern awal dan seterusnya.^[41][42] Sejak 1922 dan sebelumnya, telah ada imigrasi ke Britania Raya oleh orang-orang dari tempat yang sekarang menjadi Republik Irlandia, Negara-negara Persemakmuran, daratan utama Eropa dan tempat lain; mereka dan keturunan mereka sebagian besar adalah warga negara Britania, dengan beberapa orang mengasumsikan identitas Britania, kewarganegaraan ganda, atau ditulis dgn tanda penghubung.^[43]

Bangsa Britania adalah masyarakat multikultural, multi-bangsa,^[44] dan multibahasa, dengan "aksen, ekspresi, dan identitas daerah yang kuat".^[45][46] Struktur sosial Britania Raya telah berubah secara drastis sejak abad ke-19, dengan penurunan ketaatan beragama, peningkatan kelas menengah, dan peningkatan keragaman etnis, khususnya sejak 1950-an. Penduduk Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara berjumlah sekitar 66 juta,^[47] dengan diaspora Britania sekitar 140 juta jiwa terkonsentrasi di Australia, Kanada, dan Selandia Baru, dengan konsentrasi lebih kecil di Amerika Serikat, Republik Irlandia, Chili, Afrika Selatan dan bagian-bagiannya. dari Karibia.^[48]

Lihat pula

• Bangsa Inggris
• Bangsa Skotlandia
• Bangsa Wales
• Bangsa Irlandia Utara
• Daftar tokoh Britania Raya

Referensi

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Bacaan lebih lanjut

• Adams, Ian (1993). Political Ideology Today (edisi ke-2nd). Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3347-6.
• Cunliffe, Barry (2005). Iron Age communities in Britain: an account of England, Scotland and Wales from the seventh century BC until the Roman conquest (edisi ke-4th). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34779-2.
• Gottlieb, Julie V.; Linehan, Thomas P. (2004). The Culture of Fascism: Visions of the Far Right in Britain. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-799-4.
• McLean, Iain (2001). Rational Choice and British Politics. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829529-4.
• Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). The Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story. Constable. ISBN 978-1-84529-158-7.
• Sykes, Bryan (2006). Blood of the Isles. Bantam Press. ISBN 978-0-593-05652-3.
• Tonge, Jonathan (2002). Northern Ireland: Conflict and Change (edisi ke-2nd). Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-582-42400-5.
• Woodward, Kath (2000). Questioning Identity: Gender, Class and Nation. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-22287-7.

Pranala luar

• Media tentang People of the United Kingdom di Wikimedia Commons
• Kutipan tentang Orang Britania Raya di Wikikutip

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2. Population By Country of Birth and Nationality tables January 2013 to December 2013. Retrieved 04_11_2014
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1. British citizens of any race or ethnicity.