Interpretasi atas mekanika kuantum

Interpretasi atas mekanika kuantum adalah sebuah upaya untuk menjelaskan bagaimana teori matematika mekanika kuantum "selaras" dengan realitas. Pandangan terhadap interpretasi berbeda pada pertanyaan-pertanyaan fundamental soal apakah mekanika kuantum itu deterministik atau random, yang unsur-unsur mekanika kuantumnya dapat dianggap "ril", dan apa tolok ukurnya, dan persoalan lainnya.

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Mekanika kuantum
Bagian dari seri artikel mengenai
${\hat {H}}\|\psi (t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\|\psi (t)\rangle$ Persamaan Schrödinger
Pengantar Glosarium Sejarah Buku teks
Latar belakang Mekanika klasik Teori kuantum lama Notasi Bra–ket Hamiltonian Interferensi
Dasar-dasar Bilangan kuantum Dekoherensi Fluktuasi kuantum Fungsi gelombang Keruntuhan fungsi gelombang Dualitas gelombang-partikel Gelombang materi Hamiltonian Interferensi Keadaan dasar Keadaan kuantum Keterkaitan Koherensi Komplementaritas Kuantum Nonlokalitas Operator Pengukuran Prinsip ketidakpastian Qubit Simetri Spin Superposisi Teleportasi kuantum Tingkat energi
Efek Efek Aharonov–Bohm Efek Casimir Efek fotolistrik Efek Stark Efek Zeeman Kuantisasi Landau Penerowongan kuantum
Eksperimen Celah ganda Davisson–Germer Elitzur–Vaidman Franck–Hertz Inekualitas Bell Inekualitas Leggett–Garg Kucing Schrödinger Mach–Zehnder Penghapus kuantum (pilihan tertunda) Popper Pilihan tertunda Wheeler Stern–Gerlach
Formulasi Garis besar Heisenberg Interaksi Matriks Ruang fase Schrödinger Sum-over-histories (path integral)
Persamaan Dirac Klein–Gordon Lippmann–Schwinger Pauli Rydberg Schrödinger
Interpretasi Garis besar Ansambel Banyak-dunia Bayesian de Broglie–Bohm Keruntuhan objektif Kopenhagen Logika kuantum Relasional Sejarah konsisten Stokastik Transaksional Variabel tersembunyi
Topik lanjutan Gravitasi kuantum Ilmu informasi kuantum Kekacauan kuantum Matriks densitas Mekanika kuantum fraksional Mekanika kuantum relativistik Mekanika statistikal kuantum Pemelajaran mesin kuantum Perhitungan kuantum Teori hamburan Teori medan kuantum
Ilmuwan Aharonov Bell Blackett Bloch Bohm Bohr Born Bose de Broglie Candlin Compton Dirac Davisson Debye Ehrenfest Einstein Everett Fock Fermi Feynman Glauber Gutzwiller Heisenberg Hilbert Jordan Kramers Pauli Lamb Landau Laue Moseley Millikan Onnes Planck Rabi Raman Rydberg Schrödinger Sommerfeld von Neumann Weyl Wien Wigner Zeeman Zeilinger Goudsmit Uhlenbeck Yang
Kategori Mekanika kuantum
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Tutup

Meskipun diperdebatkan dan diuji coba sepanjang nyaris seabad, tak ada konsensus yang dicapai di kalangan fisikawan dan filsuf fisika terkait interpretasi realitas terbaik yang "mewakili".^[1]^[2]

Referensi

Sumber

Bub, J.; Clifton, R. (1996). "A uniqueness theorem for interpretations of quantum mechanics". Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 27B: 181–219.
Rudolf Carnap, 1939, "The interpretation of physics", in Foundations of Logic and Mathematics of the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. University of Chicago Press.
Dickson, M., 1994, "Wavefunction tails in the modal interpretation" in Hull, D., Forbes, M., and Burian, R., eds., Proceedings of the PSA 1" 366–76. East Lansing, Michigan: Philosophy of Science Association.
--------, and Clifton, R., 1998, "Lorentz-invariance in modal interpretations" in Dieks, D. and Vermaas, P., eds., The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 9–48.
Fuchs, Christopher, 2002, "Quantum Mechanics as Quantum Information (and only a little more)." arXiv:quant-ph/0205039
-------- and A. Peres, 2000, "Quantum theory needs no ‘interpretation’", Physics Today.
Herbert, N., 1985. Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-23569-0.
Hey, Anthony, and Walters, P., 2003. The New Quantum Universe, 2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 0-521-56457-3.
Jackiw, Roman; Kleppner, D. (2000). "One Hundred Years of Quantum Physics". Science. 289 (5481): 893–898. arXiv:quant-ph/0008092 . doi:10.1126/science.289.5481.893. PMID 17839156.
Max Jammer, 1966. The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill.
--------, 1974. The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics. Wiley & Sons.
Al-Khalili, 2003. Quantum: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
de Muynck, W. M., 2002. Foundations of quantum mechanics, an empiricist approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-4020-0932-1.^[1]
Roland Omnès, 1999. Understanding Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press.
Karl Popper, 1963. Conjectures and Refutations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. The chapter "Three views Concerning Human Knowledge" addresses, among other things, instrumentalism in the physical sciences.
Hans Reichenbach, 1944. Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Univ. of California Press.
Tegmark, Max; Wheeler, J. A. (2001). "100 Years of Quantum Mysteries". Scientific American. 284 (2): 68–75. Bibcode:2001SciAm.284b..68T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0201-68.
Bas van Fraassen, 1972, "A formal approach to the philosophy of science", in R. Colodny, ed., Paradigms and Paradoxes: The Philosophical Challenge of the Quantum Domain. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press: 303-66.
John A. Wheeler and Wojciech Hubert Zurek (eds), Quantum Theory and Measurement, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-08316-9, LoC QC174.125.Q38 1983.

Bacaan tambahan

Almost all authors below are professional physicists.

David Z Albert, 1992. Quantum Mechanics and Experience. Harvard Univ. Press. ISBN 0-674-74112-9.
John S. Bell, 1987. Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0-521-36869-3. The 2004 edition (ISBN 0-521-52338-9) includes two additional papers and an introduction by Alain Aspect.
Dmitrii Ivanovich Blokhintsev, 1968. The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics. D. Reidel Publishing Company. ISBN 90-277-0105-9.
David Bohm, 1980. Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7100-0971-2.
Adan Cabello (15 November 2004). "Bibliographic guide to the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information". arΧiv:quant-ph/0012089.
David Deutsch, 1997. The Fabric of Reality. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-14-027541-X; ISBN 0-7139-9061-9. Argues forcefully against instrumentalism. For general readers.
F. J. Duarte (2014). Quantum Optics for Engineers. New York: CRC. ISBN 978-1439888537. Provides a pragmatic perspective on interpretations. For general readers.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 1976. Conceptual Foundation of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8133-4087-X.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 1983. In Search of Reality. Springer. ISBN 0-387-11399-1.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 2003. Veiled Reality: An Analysis of Quantum Mechanical Concepts. Westview Press.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 2006. On Physics and Philosophy. Princeton Univ. Press.
Arthur Fine, 1986. The Shaky Game: Einstein Realism and the Quantum Theory. Science and its Conceptual Foundations. Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-24948-4.
Ghirardi, Giancarlo, 2004. Sneaking a Look at God's Cards. Princeton Univ. Press.
Gregg Jaeger (2009) Entanglement, Information, and the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-92127-1.
N. David Mermin (1990) Boojums all the way through. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 0-521-38880-5.
Roland Omnès, 1994. The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 0-691-03669-1.
Roland Omnès, 1999. Understanding Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press.
Roland Omnès, 1999. Quantum Philosophy: Understanding and Interpreting Contemporary Science. Princeton Univ. Press.
Roger Penrose, 1989. The Emperor's New Mind. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-19-851973-7. Especially chpt. 6.
Roger Penrose, 1994. Shadows of the Mind. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-19-853978-9.
Roger Penrose, 2004. The Road to Reality. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Argues that quantum theory is incomplete.
Styer, Daniel F.; Balkin, Miranda S.; Becker, Kathryn M.; Burns, Matthew R.; Dudley, Christopher E.; Forth, Scott T.; Gaumer, Jeremy S.; Kramer, Mark A.; et al. (March 2002). "Nine formulations of quantum mechanics" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 70 (3): 288–297. Bibcode:2002AmJPh..70..288S. doi:10.1119/1.1445404.

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{\hat {H}}|\psi (t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}|\psi (t)\rangle

Referensi

Sumber

Bub, J.; Clifton, R. (1996). "A uniqueness theorem for interpretations of quantum mechanics". Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 27B: 181–219.
Rudolf Carnap, 1939, "The interpretation of physics", in Foundations of Logic and Mathematics of the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. University of Chicago Press.
Dickson, M., 1994, "Wavefunction tails in the modal interpretation" in Hull, D., Forbes, M., and Burian, R., eds., Proceedings of the PSA 1" 366–76. East Lansing, Michigan: Philosophy of Science Association.
--------, and Clifton, R., 1998, "Lorentz-invariance in modal interpretations" in Dieks, D. and Vermaas, P., eds., The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 9–48.
Fuchs, Christopher, 2002, "Quantum Mechanics as Quantum Information (and only a little more)." arXiv:quant-ph/0205039
-------- and A. Peres, 2000, "Quantum theory needs no ‘interpretation’", Physics Today.
Herbert, N., 1985. Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-23569-0.
Hey, Anthony, and Walters, P., 2003. The New Quantum Universe, 2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 0-521-56457-3.
Jackiw, Roman; Kleppner, D. (2000). "One Hundred Years of Quantum Physics". Science. 289 (5481): 893–898. arXiv:quant-ph/0008092 . doi:10.1126/science.289.5481.893. PMID 17839156.
Max Jammer, 1966. The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill.
--------, 1974. The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics. Wiley & Sons.
Al-Khalili, 2003. Quantum: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
de Muynck, W. M., 2002. Foundations of quantum mechanics, an empiricist approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-4020-0932-1.^[1]
Roland Omnès, 1999. Understanding Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press.
Karl Popper, 1963. Conjectures and Refutations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. The chapter "Three views Concerning Human Knowledge" addresses, among other things, instrumentalism in the physical sciences.
Hans Reichenbach, 1944. Philosophic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Univ. of California Press.
Tegmark, Max; Wheeler, J. A. (2001). "100 Years of Quantum Mysteries". Scientific American. 284 (2): 68–75. Bibcode:2001SciAm.284b..68T. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0201-68.
Bas van Fraassen, 1972, "A formal approach to the philosophy of science", in R. Colodny, ed., Paradigms and Paradoxes: The Philosophical Challenge of the Quantum Domain. Univ. of Pittsburgh Press: 303-66.
John A. Wheeler and Wojciech Hubert Zurek (eds), Quantum Theory and Measurement, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-08316-9, LoC QC174.125.Q38 1983.

Bacaan tambahan

Almost all authors below are professional physicists.

David Z Albert, 1992. Quantum Mechanics and Experience. Harvard Univ. Press. ISBN 0-674-74112-9.
John S. Bell, 1987. Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0-521-36869-3. The 2004 edition (ISBN 0-521-52338-9) includes two additional papers and an introduction by Alain Aspect.
Dmitrii Ivanovich Blokhintsev, 1968. The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics. D. Reidel Publishing Company. ISBN 90-277-0105-9.
David Bohm, 1980. Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7100-0971-2.
Adan Cabello (15 November 2004). "Bibliographic guide to the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information". arΧiv:quant-ph/0012089.
David Deutsch, 1997. The Fabric of Reality. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-14-027541-X; ISBN 0-7139-9061-9. Argues forcefully against instrumentalism. For general readers.
F. J. Duarte (2014). Quantum Optics for Engineers. New York: CRC. ISBN 978-1439888537. Provides a pragmatic perspective on interpretations. For general readers.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 1976. Conceptual Foundation of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8133-4087-X.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 1983. In Search of Reality. Springer. ISBN 0-387-11399-1.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 2003. Veiled Reality: An Analysis of Quantum Mechanical Concepts. Westview Press.
Bernard d'Espagnat, 2006. On Physics and Philosophy. Princeton Univ. Press.
Arthur Fine, 1986. The Shaky Game: Einstein Realism and the Quantum Theory. Science and its Conceptual Foundations. Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-24948-4.
Ghirardi, Giancarlo, 2004. Sneaking a Look at God's Cards. Princeton Univ. Press.
Gregg Jaeger (2009) Entanglement, Information, and the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-92127-1.
N. David Mermin (1990) Boojums all the way through. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 0-521-38880-5.
Roland Omnès, 1994. The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 0-691-03669-1.
Roland Omnès, 1999. Understanding Quantum Mechanics. Princeton Univ. Press.
Roland Omnès, 1999. Quantum Philosophy: Understanding and Interpreting Contemporary Science. Princeton Univ. Press.
Roger Penrose, 1989. The Emperor's New Mind. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-19-851973-7. Especially chpt. 6.
Roger Penrose, 1994. Shadows of the Mind. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-19-853978-9.
Roger Penrose, 2004. The Road to Reality. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Argues that quantum theory is incomplete.
Styer, Daniel F.; Balkin, Miranda S.; Becker, Kathryn M.; Burns, Matthew R.; Dudley, Christopher E.; Forth, Scott T.; Gaumer, Jeremy S.; Kramer, Mark A.; et al. (March 2002). "Nine formulations of quantum mechanics" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 70 (3): 288–297. Bibcode:2002AmJPh..70..288S. doi:10.1119/1.1445404.

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