Pengguna:Natsukusha/bak pasir0
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Republic of China
| |
---|---|
Ibu kota | Taipei[lower-alpha 1][2] 25°04′N 121°31′E |
Kota terbesar | New Taipei |
Bahasa resmi | Standard Chinese [lower-alpha 2][5][6][7] |
Official script | Traditional Chinese[8] |
National languages[lower-alpha 3] |
|
Kelompok etnik | >95% Han —70% Hoklo —14% Hakka —14% Waishengren 2% Indigenous[12][lower-alpha 5] |
Agama |
|
Demonim | Taiwanese[13] |
Pemerintahan | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
• President | Tsai Ing-wen |
• Vice President | Lai Ching-te |
• Premier | Su Tseng-chang |
• Legislative Yuan President | Yu Shyi-kun |
• Control Yuan President | Chen Chu |
• Judicial Yuan President | Hsu Tzong-li |
• Examination Yuan President | Huang Jong-tsun |
Legislatif | Legislative Yuan |
Formation | |
10 October 1911 | |
25 October 1945 | |
• Constitution adopted | 25 December 1947 |
• Current government established | 20 May 1948 |
• Government moved to Taipei | 7 December 1949 |
• Cross-Strait relations legally defined | 31 July 1992 |
Luas | |
- Total | 36,197 km2[14][13] |
Populasi | |
- Perkiraan 2021 | 23,451,837[15] (56th) |
- Sensus Penduduk 2010 | 23,123,866[16] |
650/km2 (10th) | |
PDB (KKB) | 2021 |
- Total | $1.403 trillion[17] (19th) |
$56,959[17] (13th) | |
PDB (nominal) | 2021 |
- Total | $759.104 billion[17] (21st) |
$32,123[18] (29th) | |
Gini (2017) | ▲ 34,1[19] sedang |
IPM (2019) | 0,916[20] sangat tinggi · 23rd |
Mata uang | New Taiwan dollar (NT$) ( TWD ) |
Zona waktu | National Standard Time (UTC+8) |
Format tanggal |
|
Lajur kemudi | right |
Kode telepon | +886 |
Kode ISO 3166 | TW |
Ranah Internet | |
Taiwan,[upper-roman 2] officially the Republic of China (ROC),[upper-roman 1][lower-alpha 7] is a country in East Asia.[22][23][24][25] It shares maritime borders with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The main island of Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, has an area of 35.808 kilometer persegi (13.826 sq mi), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. The capital is Taipei, which, along with New Taipei and Keelung, forms the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Other major cities include Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and Taoyuan. With 23.45 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world.
Austronesian-speaking ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, large-scale Han Chinese immigration to western Taiwan began under a Dutch colony and continued under the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China, and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895. The Republic of China, which had overthrown the Qing in 1911, took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies following the surrender of Japan in 1945. The resumption of the Chinese Civil War resulted in the ROC's loss of mainland China to forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and retreat to Taiwan in 1949. Its effective jurisdiction has since been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands.
In the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialisation called the "Taiwan Miracle". In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a one-party military dictatorship to a multi-party democracy with a semi-presidential system. Taiwan's export-oriented industrial economy is the 21st-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 20th-largest by PPP measures, with major contributions from steel, machinery, electronics and chemicals manufacturing. Taiwan is a developed country,[26][27] ranking 15th in GDP per capita. It is ranked highly in terms of political and civil liberties,[28] education, health care[29] and human development.[lower-alpha 8][20]
The political status of Taiwan is contentious.[33] The ROC no longer represents China as a member of the United Nations, after UN members voted in 1971 to recognize the PRC instead.[34] Meanwhile, the ROC continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China and its territory, although this has been downplayed since its democratization in the 1990s. Taiwan is claimed by the PRC, which refuses diplomatic relations with countries that recognise the ROC. Taiwan maintains official diplomatic relations with 13 out of 193 UN member states and the Holy See,[34][35][36] though many others maintain unofficial diplomatic ties with Taiwan through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates. International organisations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate only on a non-state basis under various names. Domestically, the major political contention is between parties favouring eventual Chinese unification and promoting a pan-Chinese identity contrasted with those aspiring to formal international recognition and promoting a Taiwanese identity, although both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal.[37][38]