Ƴancin Yin Taro

'Yancin taro na lumana, Wani lokacin ana amfani da shi tare da ' yancin yin tarayya, haƙƙin mutum ne ko ikon mutane don haɗuwa tare da bayyana ra'ayi tare, haɓakawa, bi, da kare ra'ayoyinsu ko ra'ayi ɗaya. ^[2] Ƴancin ƙungiya an yarda da shi a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam, haƙƙin siyasa da 'yancin ɗan adam .

"Sammankomsten" ("Taron"), zanen mai na Ester Almqvist, na asali a Gidan Tarihi na Swedishasar Sweden. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce ta zabi wannan zanen a matsayin dalilin tambarin tunawa da kafuwar Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya, sakin layi na 20: Haƙƙin Majalisar

Ma’aikatan janjan da ke yajin aiki a gaban ginin MTV a Santa Monica, California . Kodayake yajin aiki a kungiyar kwadago wata hanya ce ta amfani da yanci na taro da yanci na walwala, sauran fannoni na halayen ma'aikatan da aka zayyana anan, kamar hana masu zirga-zirgar ababen hawa masu tafiya a kowace hanyar da ke da damar hanya a wannan siginar mai sarrafawa mahada, na iya keta dokokin gida ko na jihohi kamar su Lambar Motar California § 21950 (b). ^[1]

An sanya wani yanki daga Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, a taron Occupy Oakland, na shekara ta 2011

Ana iya amfani da sharuɗɗan 'yanci na taro da kuma ' yancin yin ƙungiya don rarrabe tsakanin 'yancin taro a wuraren taro na jama'a da kuma' yancin shiga ƙungiya. Ana amfani da 'yancin taro a cikin mahallin haƙƙin zanga-zanga, yayin da ake amfani da' yancin yin tarayya a cikin batun haƙƙin ƙwadago kuma a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ana nufin ma'anar 'yanci don tarawa da toancin shiga wani tarayya ^[3]

Kayan kare haƙƙin ɗan adam

'Yancin taro a cikin, da sauransu, kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam sune kamar haka:

• Sanarwar Duniya Game da 'Yancin Dan Adam - Mataki na 20
• Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa - Mataki na 21
• Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam - Mataki na 11
• Yarjejeniyar Amurkawa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam - Mataki na 15

Tsarin mulki na ƙasa dana yanki wadanda suka amince da 'yancin taro sun haɗa da:

• Bangladesh - Labarai na 37 da 38 na kundin tsarin mulkin Bangladesh sun ba da tabbaci ga theancin yin tarayya da yin taro.
• Brazil - Mataki na 5 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Brazil
• Kanada - S. 2 na Yarjejeniyar Hakkoki da 'Yanci na Kanada wanda ya zama ɓangare na Dokar Tsarin Mulki, 1982
• Faransa - Mataki na 431-1 na lambar Nouveau Pénal
• Jamus - Mataki na 8 GG ( Grundgesetz, Dokar Asali)
• Hungary - Mataki na VIII (1) na Dokar Asali
• Indiya - Hakkoki na asali a Indiya
• Ireland - Mataki na 40.6.1 ° na Tsarin Mulki, kamar yadda aka lissafa ƙarƙashin taken "'Yancin Asali"
• Italiya - Mataki na 17 na Tsarin Mulki
• Japan - Mataki na 21 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Japan
• Dokar Asusun Macau - Mataki na ashirin da 27
• Malaysia - Mataki na 10 na Tsarin Mulkin Malaysia
• Mexico - Mataki na tara na Tsarin Mulkin Mexico
• New Zealand - Sashe na 16 Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand Dokar 1990
• Norway - Sashe na 101 na Tsarin Mulkin Norway
• Philippines - Mataki na III, Sashe na 4 na Tsarin Mulkin Philippines
• Poland - Mataki na 57 na Tsarin Mulki na Poland
• Rasha - Mataki na 30 da 31 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Rasha sun ba da tabbaci ga freedomancin ƙungiya da taron lumana.
• Afirka ta Kudu Dokar 'Yanci - Mataki na 17
• Spain - Mataki na ashirin da 21 na Tsarin Mulkin Spain na 1978
• Sweden - Babi na 2 na Kayan aikin Gwamnati
• Taiwan ( Jamhuriyar China ) - Mataki na 14 ya ba da tabbaci ga 'yancin taro da haɗuwa.
• Turkiyya - Labarai na 33 da 34 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Turkiyya sun ba da 'yancin walwala da taro.
• Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa - Tsarin Mulki na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa na kare 'yancin taruwa cikin lumana.
• Amurka - Kwaskwarimar Farko ga Tsarin Mulki na Amurka.

Duba kuma

• Yankin magana kyauta
• 'Yancin yin zanga-zanga
• Dabara-31
• Taron haramtacce
• Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman na Majalisar oninkin Duniya kan 'yancin walwala da haɗuwa cikin lumana.

Manazarta

1. California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."
2. Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20
3. See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).

Hanyoyin haɗin waje

• Jagororin kan 'Yancin taron lumana OSCE / ODIHR, 2007
  • Jagororin kan 'Yancin taron lumana (na biyu) Hukumar Venice da OSCE / ODIHR, 2010