Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai

Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai (An haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin (1960) miladiyya. An haife shi a garin Daudawa na karamar hukumar Faskari a cikin jihar Katsina daga kabilar Hausa. Mahaifinsa ya rasu yana da shekara takwas kaɗai a duniya, daga nan ɗan uwan mahaifinsa ya ɗauki nauyin karatun sa tun daga kuruciyarsa. Ya samu shiga makarantar Barewa College dake Zaria, ɗaya daga cikin kwaleji mafiya shahara a arewacin Najeriya inda ya sami babban yabo gami da samun babbar nasarar kammala karatun a matsayin babban dalibi. Nasir El-Rufai ya samu halartar jami’ar Ahmadu Ballo dake Zariya inda yayi karatun digirin digirgir a fannin duba ƙasa wanda kuma ya samu lamba ta ɗaya wanda a turance akan kira da First Class. El-Rufa’i ya samu halarta kwalejin Harvard da kuma Georgetown. Sannan ya samu halartar jami’ar London a shekara ta 2008 gami da kwalejin John F. Kennedy dake Harvard a June shekarata 2009. Dan siyasan Najeriya ne yanzu tsohon Gwamna ne a Jihar Kaduna. (Ihayatu (talk) 22:05, 30 Mayu 2023 (UTC))^[1] Ya taba zama Ministan Babban Birnin Tarayya daga shekarata 2003 zuwa shekarata 2007; da kuma daraktan Ofishin Jama'a.^[2] Yana daga cikin wadanda suka kafa jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress mai mulki(Ihayatu (talk) 22:05, 30 Mayu 2023 (UTC)).^[3]

Hoton da ke nuna Malam Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai a tsakiya. A daman sa akwai Mallam Nuhu Ribadu, a hagun sa kuma akwai Cif. Mallam Nasiru el-Rufai Dangajere Kusar Yaki! Cewar Yasir Ramadan Gwale Kamar yadda tsohon mataimakin Shugaban kasa Alhaji Atiku Abubakar ya taba fada a wata hira da ya yi da Jaridar This Day, cewar tsohon shugaban kasa Olushegun Obasanjo ya buka ce shi da ya zabo masa mutum mai jini a jika kuma wanda ba shi da tsoro, wanda idan ma ta kama zai iya yin akuya ga mahaifiyar obasanjon don ya bashi mukamin ministan babban birnin tarayya Abuja saboda ya dai-daitawa mutane sahu daga karkacewar da ya yi. Atiku kuma ya shaidawa Obsanjo cewar Nasan wasu mutane guda biyu abokai da Allah bai sanya sun taba hada hanya da tsoron wani mahaluki ba a fadin tarayyar kasar nan, daya daga cikinsu kuwa shi ne Nasiru el-Rufai, wanda a lokacin shine shugaban hukumar sayar da kadarorin gwamnati ta kasa ( Director General Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) and the Secretary of the National Council of Privatisation). Tabbas Mallam Nasiru el-Rufai ya nuna cewar shi ba matsoraci bane, lokacin da majalisa ta zo tantance shi a matsayin mutumin da za’a nada minister. Domin idan zamu iya tunawa anyi dauki babu dadi da el-Rufai kafin a nada shi minister, inda aka nemi ya bayar da cin-hanci shi kuma ya yi kememe ya ki bayarwa, wanda wannan ta sanya wasu da yawa daga cikin shugabannin majalisa a wancan lokacin jin kunya ciki kuwa harda Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa Sanata Nasir Ibrahim Mantu, inda el-Rufai ya bayyana a majalisa dauke da al-qur’ani a hannunsa ya yi rantsuwa cewar an nemi hanci daga wajensa, kuma shi Mantu ya karyata, inda el-Rufai ya bukaci Mantu shima da ya rantse da Al-qur’ani amma hakan ta gagara inda ya ce shifa bashi da tsarki duk kuwa da cewar akwai makewayi a majalisar, kusan zamu iya cewa tun a wannan lokacin el-Rufai ya nuna jarumtaka da tabbatarwa da duniya cewar shifa ba mutumin banza bane. Wannan namijin kokari da bajinta da el-Rufai ya nuna, shi ya sa jihar Georgia da ke kasar Amerika ta bashi izinin zama dan wannan jihar, wanda yanzu haka el-Rufai yana daga cikin ‘yan Najeriya da suke zuwa kasar Amerika ba tare da anyi musu binciken kwakwaf ba. Lokacin da Mallam Nasiru el-Rufai ya zama babban ministan babban birnin tarayya ya nuna babu sani babu sabo. Domin ya kau-da duk wasu gine gine da akayi ba bisa ka’ida ba, ciki kuwa harda gidan matar shugaban kasa marigayiya Stella Obasanjo da gidan shugaban PDP na wannan lokacin Sanata Amadu Ali da wasu manya manyan kusoshin gwamnati a wancan lokacin. Haka dai el-Rufai ya ringa sanya gireda yana ma-ke duk wani gini da aka gina shi ba bisa kai’da ba a Habuja. Mallam Nasiru el-Rufai kusan shine ministan Abuja mafi dadewa a tarihin wannan birni tun daga 1999 har zuwa 2007, kuma ya yi aiki dai-dai nasa. Tun da Marigayi Mallam Umaru Yar’Adua ya zama shugaban kasa el-Rufai ya tsallake yabar kasar nan inda ya tafi kasar Amerika ya koma makaranta, ya halarci kwasa kwasai da dama a fannoni daban daban, ciki kuwa harda katafariyar Jami’arnan ta Harvard, kadan daga Makarantun da el-Rufai ya halarta sun hada da Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Najeryia, Jami’ar London ko University of London a Burtaniya da Harvard Business School, Arthur D. Little School of Management a birnin Massachusetts da Georgetown University da School of Foreign Services a birnin Washington dukkaninisu a kasar Amerika da kuma D.C. da John F. Kennedy School of Government da Harvard University duk dai a can Amerika. Sannan el-Rufai yana da babbar Lambar yabo ta kasa wadda ake kira OFR (Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic of Nigeria) wadda aka bashi tun yana BFE, kuma yana da digirin girmamawa wanda Jami'ar Abuja ta Bashi a 2005 wato Doctorate Degree. Bayan da el-Rufai ya dawo gida Najeriya, ya fada Jam’iyyar adawa ta CPC inda ya mara baya ga takarar tsohon shugaban kasa Gen. Muhammadu Buhari duk kuwa da ana kallon zai goya baya ne ga takarar babban abokinsa wato Mallam Nuhu Ribadu. A halin yanzu dai Mallam Nasiru el-Rufai shi ne babban bakaniken jam’iyyar ta CPC wadda Buharin ya dora masa wannan nauyi na dai-daita sahun jam’iyyar kamar yadda a yiwa birnin tarayya Abuja, saboda fama da matsaloli da jam’iyyar ta ke yi a kusan daukacin jihohin kasarnan. Bayan haka kuma, el-Rufai shi ne kusan mutum daya tilo wanda tauraruwarsa ke haskawa wajen adawa da gwamnatin Goodluck Jonathan da kuma Jam’iyyar PDP. Mallam Nasir el-Rufai ya dauki lokaci yana sharhi akan kasafin kudi na shekarar ta 2012 inda ya yi kaca-kaca da gwamnatin Jonathan ya nuna ma basu san me suke yi ba. Hakan ta sanya el-Rufai ya dinga daukan hankalin jama’a a ciki da wajen kasarnan wajen yadda yake fashin baki a harkar tafiyar da wannan gwamnatin musamman a harkar da ta shafi tattalin arziki, wannan ta sanya jami’an SSS suka ringa sanya masa tarko suna kamashi a kusan duk lokacin da zai yi wata tafiya zuwa kasashen waje, haka nan yake tsallake irin wannan turaku da ake sanya masa. Bahaushe ya ce al-kalami ya fi Takobi, lallai wannan magana haka ta ke, domin shakka babu wannan gwamnatin Jonathan babu alkalami da ta ke jin tsoro a kullum kamar na el-Rufai, domin sun san cewar mai ilimin gaske ne kuma masani ta fannoni da daman gaske. Mallam Nasiru el-Rufai dai idan ka ganshi irin mutanan nan ne da zaka gansu ‘yan tsirit wato ba shi da wani cika ido, wannan ce ma ta sanya abokansa suke masa lakabi da sunan GIANT wato wani babban mutum kamar dai yadda Bahaushe yake ce wa gajere malam dogo . Lallai kam ya zuwa yanzu babu wani daga cikin ‘yan Adawa wanda tauraruwarsa take haskawa kamar el-Rufai ba, kuma duk wannan ya faru ne ta sanadiyar al-kalaminsa da yake caccakar wannan gwamnati da shi. Tabbas maganar Bahaushe gaskiya ce da ya ce Alkamai ya fi takobi, domin idan da fada za’a iya da takobi watakila da farat daya za’a gama da el-Rufai amma da yake fadan na alkalami ne, babu yadda aka iya da shi sai dai a kayar da shi da hujja idan ana da ita. Lallai Najeriya tana bukatar mutane masu gaskiya wadan da zasu iya yakar cin-hanci da rashawa da gaskiya kuma hazikai irinsu Mallam Nasiru el-Rufai. Femi Fani-Kayode.

v t e

Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai
gwamnan jihar Kaduna 29 Mayu 2015 - 29 Mayu 2023 ← Mukhtar Ramalan Yero ma'aikatar Babban birnin tarayya 17 ga Yuli, 2003 - 27 ga Yuli, 2007 ← Mohammed Abba Gana - Aliyu Modibbo Umar →
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai
Haihuwa	Daudawa, 16 ga Faburairu, 1960 (64 shekaru)
ƙasa	Najeriya
Ƙabila	Hausawa
Harshen uwa	Hausa
Karatu
Makaranta	Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Georgetown University (en) John F. Kennedy School of Government (en) University of London (en) Kwalejin Barewa
Harsuna	Turanci Hausa Pidgin na Najeriya
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Peoples Democratic Party

Elrufai da kayode

Ahmed nuhu bamalli with nasir Ahmad El rufa i

El-Rufai with Tinubu

(Ihayatu (talk) 22:05, 30 Mayu 2023 (UTC))

Farkon Rayuwa

An haifi Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1960 ga dangin Fulani a Daudawa. Mahaifinsa ya rasu yana da shekaru takwas kadai aduniya. Daga nan ne wani kawun sa ya dauki nauyinsa da kuma karatunsa .^[4] El-Rufai ya auri mata uku, matarsa ta farko itace Hadiza Isma El-Rufai marubuciya ce kuma marubuciyace tare, suna gudanar da Gidauniyar Yasmin El-Rufai (YELF), an kafa ta ne don girmama ɗiyarsu da ta mutu a shekarar ta 2011.^[5]

El-Rufai ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Barewa. Tun yana karami a kwalejin, Shugaba Umaru 'Yar'Adua ne kyaftin din gidan kwanan sa. A shekarar ta 1976, ya kammala karatunsa a saman 'yan ajinsa, inda ya lashe kyautar "Barewa Old Boys 'Association Academic Achievement". El-Rufai ya halarci Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, inda ya samu digiri na farko a fannin binciken yawan karatu tare da karramawar ajin farko.^[6]

A shekara ta alif Dari Tara da tamanin da hudu 1984, ya sami digiri na biyu kan harkokin kasuwanci daga Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria. Tun daga nan ya halarci shirye-shiryen ƙwararru da dama a digirinsa na biyu, daga Makarantar Georgetown na Ayyukan Kasashen Waje na Jami'ar Georgetown da ke Washington, DC da shirye-shirye kan keɓaɓɓu da jagoranci.^[7][7]

^[8]

A watan Agustan na shekarar ta 2008 ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar London; da kuma digiri na biyu a harkokin mulki daga John F. Kennedy School na Gwamnatin Jami'ar Harvard a watan Yunin a shekarar ta 2009. Ya kuma sami Takaddar Makarantar Kennedy a cikin Manufofin Jama'a da Gudanarwa bayan ya kwashe watanni 11 a matsayin Edward A. Mason Fellow a cikin Manufofin Jama'a da Gudanarwa daga Yuli shekarar ta 2008 zuwa Yuni shekarar ta 2009.

Kwarewar Sana'a

Nasir ya kirkira Wani kamfani tare da hadin kan abokan sa inda suka samar da kamfanin quantity surveying and project management , kamfanin Yana Gudanar da ayyukan gine gine da injiinan farar hula ,hakan ya taimaka ma abokan aikin NASA suka zamo attaajirai a nijeriya^[9],A shekarar ta 1982, ya kirkiro kamfanin El-Rufai & Partners, wani kamfanin bincike da gwaje-gwaje tare da wasu abokan aikinsa guda uku wadanda suka gudanar da aiki tare har zuwa shekarar ta 1998. A lokacin mulkin soja na shekarun ta 1983Zuwa shekarun ta 1998, kamfanin ya karbi kwangilar gini da injiniyan gine-gine ciki har da lokacin da ake gina Abuja, wanda ya sa abokan aikkin nasa suka zama "matasa masu kudi". Bugu da kari ga aikinsa, El-Rufai ya rike mukaman gudanarwa tare da kamfanonin sadarwa biyu na duniya, AT&T Network Systems International BV da Motorola Inc.^[10][10]

Farkon aikin siyasa

A shekarar ta 1998, bayan mutuwar shugaban mulkin soja Janar Sani Abacha, magajinsa Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar ya nada El-Rufai a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki kasa. A cikin wannan matsayin ya yi aiki tare da Bankin Duniya da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya.

A shekarar ta1999, sojoji suka mika mulki ga Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an nada shi a matsayin darekta a Ofishin Harkokin Kasuwancin Jama'a da kuma sakatare na Majalisar Bayar da Kyaututtuka ta Kasa inda ya jagoranci jagorancin sayar da kamfanoni da dama na mallakar gwamnatin nijeriya tare da Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Alh.Atiku Abubakar (Turakin Adamawa).

Ministan Babban Birnin Tarayya

A watan Yulin shekara ta 2003, aka nada Nasir Elrufa'i matsayin Ministan Babban Birnin Tarayyan Nigeria, wato Abuja. A lokacinsa, ya jagoranci canjin babban birnin tarayya a baya wanda ya kasance cike da rashawa da kuma kauce wa hanya daga asalin shirin. Tare da kafa Tsarin Bayanai na Yankin Kasa na Abuja, babban birnin ya zama birni na farko a Najeriya tare da rajistar ƙasar da tsarin bayanai.

Tare da Shugaban kasa da mambobin Kungiyar Gudanar da Tattalin Arziki, ya jagoranci sake fasalin ayyukan gwamnati na Najeriya wanda ya zama mara aiki a tsawon shekarun mulkin kama-karya na soja. A lokuta daban-daban a lokacin da yake Minista, ya kula da Ma’aikatun Kasuwanci na Tarayya (sau biyu) da na cikin gida. Ya kuma shugabanci wasu manyan kwamitocin majalisar ministocin da suka jagoranci kafa tsarin lamuni a Najeriya, Tsarin katin dan kasa na Najeriya, Inganta Wutar Lantarki da kuma sayar da kadarorin Gwamnatin Tarayya a Abuja.

A kwanakin karshe na gwamnatin Obasanjo, Nuhu Ribadu, wani abokin tarayya El-Rufai wanda ya taba bayyana shi a matsayin "jami'in zahiri na 2, masa alama da matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, musamman bayan faduwar- tsakanin Obasanjo da mataimakinsa Atiku Abubakar. An yi imanin cewa amincewa da yarda da Obasanjo ga El-Rufai ya fusata yawancin masu fada aji a siyasance, wanda daga baya za su tsananta masa.

Gudun hijira

A shekarar ta 2008, El-Rufai ya shiga gudun hijira na kashin kansa kuma ya zama mai sukar gwamnatin Umaru 'Yar'Adua.

Siyasa

A shekarar ta 2010, ya dawo Najeriya kuma daga baya ne Hukumar Yaki da Yiwa Tattalin Arziki Tu'annati (EFCC) ta kama shi. Elrufa'i ya bayyana dawowarsa ne domin ya wanke sunan sa daga tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. A shekarar ta 2011, el-Rufai ya shiga siyasar jam’iyya tare da jam’iyyar Congress for Progressive Change da ke goyon bayan kamfen din Muhammadu Buhari a zaben shugaban kasa na shekarar ta 2011. Acikin shekarar ta 2013, an nada el-Rufai mataimakin sakatare na kasa na sabuwar jam’iyya Mai mulki wato All Progressives Congress (APC).

Acikin shekarar ta 2014, El-Rufai ya bayyana yakin neman zaben sa na gwamnan jihar Kaduna, inda ya fito takarar zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar APC don zama dan takarar gwamnan jihar na jam’iyyar. Ya ci gaba da lashe zaben gwamna, tare da kuri’u sama da miliyan don kayar da gwamna mai ci Mukhtar Ramalan Yero dan takarar Jam’iyyar Democratic Party. Ashekarar ta 2018, ya sake fitowa a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na APC. An sake zaben shi a ranar 9 ga watan Maris a shekarar ta 2019, inda ya kayar da abokin karawar sa da kuri’u sama da 200,000. a cikin watan july, 2023 zababben shugaban kasa Ahmed bola Tinubu ya Mika sunan Nasir Ahmed el-Rufai a cikin sabbin ministocin da zaa a nada a majalissar tarayya.

Gwamnan Jihar Kaduna

A ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, a shekarar ta 2015, aka rantsar da El-Rufai a matsayin Gwamna na 22 na Jihar Kaduna. A jawabinsa na farko, ya bayyana cewa shi da mataimakinsa suna rage alawus dinsu da rabi har sai an samu ci gaba a yanayin kasafin kudin jihar Kaduna. A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan a shekarar ta 2015, El-Rufai a daya daga cikin ayyukansa na farko a matsayinsa na gwamna ya bayyana cewa jihar Kaduna za ta fara amfani da tsarin Baitul Malin Ma'aurata nan da 1 ga watan Satumba a shekarar. A karshen atisayen, an rufe asusu guda 470 na ma’aikatu, sassa da hukumomi daban-daban sannan aka dawo da Naira biliyan 24.7 aka mayar da su ga TSA na Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna tare da Babban Bankin Najeriya.

Ta hanyar toshe hanyoyin gurbatawa da rage tsadar tafiyar da gwamnati, ana kiyasta cewa gwamnatin El-Rufai ta sami damar adana Naira Biliyan 1.2 a cikin watanni biyu kacal.^{[11] [ana buƙatar hujja]}El-Rufai kuma sauya yakin sabis a jihar Kaduna da kuma rage yawan ma'aikatun daga 19 zuwa 13 da kuma yawan sakatarori daga 35 zuwa 18. A wani yunkuri na rage kudin gudanar da mulki, El-Rufai ya nada kwamishinoni 13, da masu ba da shawara na musamman 10 da mataimaka na musamman 12 yayin da kwamishinonin 24, masu ba da shawara na musamman 41 da kuma mataimaka na musamman kimanin 400 da tsohuwar gwamnatin ta nada. ^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

A matsayinsa na gwamna, El-Rufai ya fara aiwatar da garambawul a fannin ilimi da nufin sake fasalin yanayin ilimi a jihar. El-Rufai ya kori sama da malaman firamare 22,000. ^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} Gwamnatin El-Rufai ta bullo da shirin Ciyar da Makaranta, da nufin samar da abinci sau daya a kowace rana ga dalibai miliyan daya da rabi a makarantun firamaren gwamnati da ke cikin jihar. ^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} Ya kuma soke tarin kudade da kuma levies a makarantun firamare da junior sakandare a Kaduna, game da shi, cire wani kudi nauyin N3 biliyan daga iyaye.

A ranar 28 ga Maris a shekarar ta 2020, El-Rufai ya gwada tabbatacce ga COVID-19, bayan ya gama tuntuɓar sa. Ya sanya dokar hana fita a jihar Kaduna da kuma takaita zirga-zirga, don hana yaduwar kwayar.

A ranar 20 ga watan Agusta a shekarar ta 2020, Rigima ta kaure a shafukan sada zumunta lokacin da Kungiyar Lauyoyi ta Najeriya ta gayyaci Gwamna El-rufai don yin magana a taron ta na shekara-shekara. Dubun-dubatar ‘yan Nijeriya sun sanya hannu kan takardar sauya sheka a shafin canji don ganin an soke gayyatar da Gwamna El-rufai ya yi musu. NBA ta fada cikin matsin lamba sannan ta bata sunan gwamnan. Wani rahoto na Open Bar initiative ya kawo dalilai takwas da yasa El-rufai ya gayyaci babban taron bai amsa ba. Wasu daga cikin dalilan sun hada da kin bin umarnin kotu a karar sa da Audu Maikori, yana mai yin barazana ga Gloria Ballason wacce ta kasance lauyan Maikori da kuma wani rahoto da kamfanin Quartz (wallafa) na Afirka wanda ya ambaci Gwamna El-rufai a matsayin shugaban wata kungiyar "masu karfi" ta Gwamnonin Najeriya wadanda "yanzu haka suke amfani da jami'an tsaro akai-akai don kamewa da tsoratar da 'yan jaridar da suka kuskura suka yi tambaya game da ayyukansu ko kokarin tuhumar su".

El Rufa'i ya yi afuwa ga fursunoni 12 a jihar Kaduna, 10 daga cikinsu suna dab da kare hukuncin da aka yanke musu, wasu ma an yafe musu saboda yawan shekaru. Bugu da kari ya rage fursunoni guda hukuncin kisa zuwa rai da rai.^[12] El Rufa'i yana daya daga cikin masu ilimi matuka acikin gwamnonin nijeriya, saboda hkne ma yayi fice dasamun nasaran shiga gaba atasakanin gwamnoni, sanadiyar ayyukan dakeyi a acikin jihar ta Kaduna. El Rufa'i yadage matuka ganin cewa kowani dan talaka dake jihar Kaduna yasami ingantance ilimi.

Kara Dubawa

• Jerin sunayen gwamnonin jihar Kaduna
• Jihar Kaduna

Manazarta

1. "NVS Articles & Viewpoints – Nigerian Village Square". Nigeriavillagesquare.com. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
2. "Office of the Governor – Kaduna State Government". Retrieved 4 July 2020.
3. Owete, Festus (25 June 2013). "Masari, El-Rufai, others emerge APC interim national officers | Premium Times Nigeria". Retrieved 13 July 2021
4. "Profile: Mallam Nasir el-Rufai". BBC News. 7 September 2004. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
5. "I used to sing in the Catholic Church choir – Hadiza El-Rufai". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 13 January 2021
6. "Nasir El Rufai". LinkedIn. Retrieved 13 June 2021
7. Amsterdam, Rober (1 December 2009). "White Paper: Reform vs Status" (PDF). Amsterdam & Partners.
8. "Archived 9 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
9. https://manuniya.com/2022/12/21/cikakken-tarihin-nasir-ahmad-el-rufai/
10. Amsterdam, Rober (1 December 2009). "White Paper: Reform vs Status" (PDF). Amsterdam & Partners.
11. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/05/why-el-rufai-should-become-next-sgf/
12. https://m.guardian.ng/news/gov-el-rufai-grants-pardon-to-12-prisoners-in-kaduna-state

 

Hanyoyin haɗin waje

• This Day (Lagos) a kan el-Rufai, 20 Agusta 2005
• BBC kan Nasir el-Rufai, 7 ga Satumba 2004 ,
• Manyan Siyasar Najeriya, / Gaskiya akan 'yan siyasar mu Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine