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William Shakespeare
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
William Shakespeare ( bapt. 26 Afrilu [lower-alpha 1] 1564 - 23 Afrilu 1616) [lower-alpha 2] marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne na Ingilishi, mawaƙi kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ana yi masa kallon babban marubuci a cikin harshen Ingilishi kuma fitaccen marubucin wasan kwaikwayo a duniya.[2][3][4] Ana kiransa sau da yawa mawaƙin ƙasa na Ingila da " Bard of Avon" (ko kuma kawai "Bard").[5][lower-alpha 3] Ayyukansa na baya, ciki har da haɗin gwiwar, sun ƙunshi wasu wasan kwaikwayo 39, [lower-alpha 4] 154 sonnets, dogayen wakoki guda uku, da wasu 'yan wasu baiti, wasu daga cikin marubuta marasa tabbas. An fassara wasan kwaikwayonsa zuwa kowane babban harshe mai rai kuma ana yin su sau da yawa fiye da na kowane marubucin wasan kwaikwayo.[7] Ya kasance a iya cewa shi ne marubuci mafi tasiri a cikin harshen Ingilishi, kuma ana ci gaba da nazari da sake fassara ayyukansa. An haifi Shakespeare kuma ya girma a Stratford-Upon-Avon, Warwickshire. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 18, ya auri Anne Hathaway, wanda yake da 'ya'ya uku: Susanna, da tagwaye Hamnet da Judith. Wani lokaci tsakanin 1585 zuwa 1592, ya fara aiki mai nasara a London a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci, kuma mai mallakar wani kamfani mai suna Lord Chamberlain's Men, wanda daga baya akafi sani da King's of Men. Yana da shekaru 49 (a kusan 1613), ya bayyana ya yi ritaya zuwa Stratford, inda ya mutu bayan shekaru uku. 'Yan kaɗan na bayanan sirri na Shakespeare sun tsira; wannan ya jawo hasashe mai yawa game da al'amura kamar kamanninsa, Sexuality, imaninsa na addini da kuma ko wasu ne suka rubuta ayyukan da aka dangana masa.[8][9][10] Shakespeare ya samar da mafi yawan sanannun ayyukansa tsakanin 1589 da 1613.[11][12] [lower-alpha 5] Wasanninsa na farko sun kasance masu ban dariya da tarihi kuma ana daukar su a matsayin wasu mafi kyawun ayyukan da aka samar a cikin waɗannan nau'o'in. Daga nan ya rubuta mafi yawan tragedies har zuwa 1608, daga cikinsu Hamlet, Romeo da Juliet, Othello, King Lear, da Macbeth, duk an dauke su daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyuka a cikin harshen Ingilishi.[2][3][4] A cikin lokaci na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya rubuta abubuwan ban tausayi (wanda aka fi sani da romances) kuma ya yi aiki tare da sauran marubutan wasan kwaikwayo.
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Rayuwa | |
Haihuwa |
Stratford-upon-Avon (en) ![]() |
ƙasa |
Kingdom of England (en) ![]() |
Mazauni |
Stratford-upon-Avon (en) ![]() |
Harshen uwa |
Early Modern English (en) ![]() Turancin Birtaniya |
Mutuwa |
Stratford-upon-Avon (en) ![]() |
Makwanci |
Holy Trinity Church (en) ![]() |
Yanayin mutuwa |
Sababi na ainihi (unknown value cuta) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | John Shakespeare |
Mahaifiya | Mary Shakespeare |
Abokiyar zama | Anne Hathaway (7 Disamba 1582 (Julian) - 23 ga Afirilu, 1616 (Julian)) |
Yara | |
Ahali |
Joan Shakespeare (en) ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Karatu | |
Makaranta |
King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon (en) ![]() |
Harsuna |
Early Modern English (en) ![]() Turancin Birtaniya Turanci |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a |
marubucin wasannin kwaykwayo, maiwaƙe, stage actor (en) ![]() |
Muhimman ayyuka |
Hamlet (en) ![]() Romeo and Juliet (en) ![]() As You Like It (en) ![]() Macbeth (en) ![]() A Midsummer Night's Dream (en) ![]() Shakespeare's sonnets (en) ![]() The Taming of the Shrew (en) ![]() The Two Gentlemen of Verona (en) ![]() King John (en) ![]() Richard II (en) ![]() Henry IV, Part 1 (en) ![]() Henry IV, Part 2 (en) ![]() Henry V (en) ![]() Henry VI, Part 1 (en) ![]() Henry VI, Part 2 (en) ![]() Henry VI, Part 3 (en) ![]() Richard III (en) ![]() Henry VIII (en) ![]() Love's Labour's Lost (en) ![]() The Merchant of Venice (en) ![]() Much Ado About Nothing (en) ![]() The Merry Wives of Windsor (en) ![]() Twelfth Night (en) ![]() All's Well That Ends Well (en) ![]() Measure for Measure (en) ![]() Titus Andronicus (en) ![]() Julius Caesar (en) ![]() Othello (en) ![]() King Lear (en) ![]() Antony and Cleopatra (en) ![]() Coriolanus (en) ![]() Timon of Athens (en) ![]() Troilus and Cressida (en) ![]() Cymbeline (en) ![]() The Winter's Tale (en) ![]() Pericles, Prince of Tyre (en) ![]() The Tempest (en) ![]() The Two Noble Kinsmen (en) ![]() The Comedy of Errors (en) ![]() |
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa |
Plautus (en) ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Artistic movement |
wasan kwaikwayo waƙa |
IMDb | nm0000636 |
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Yawancin wasan kwaikwayon Shakespeare an buga su a cikin bugu na inganci da daidaito a cikin rayuwarsa. Duk da haka, a cikin karni na 1623, John Heminges da Henry Condell, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo biyu da abokan Shakespeare, sun buga wani rubutu mafi mahimmanci da aka sani da Folio na Farko, wani bugun da aka tattara na Shakespeare na ban mamaki wanda ya haɗa da duka amma biyu daga cikin wasanninsa.[13] Gabatarwansa wata waka ce ta Ben Jonson, tsohon abokin hamayyar Shakespeare, wanda ya yaba Shakespeare tare da sanannen yanzu: "ba na zamani ba, amma na kowane lokaci".[13]