Modibo Adama
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Adama ɓii Ardo Hassana (A shekarar 1786 - 1847)[1], wanda a ka fi sani da Modibbo Adama,[2] ya kasance malamin Bafulatani kuma mayaƙi mai karfi, wanda ya fito daga ƙabilar Ba'en na Fulbe. Ya jagoranci jihadi zuwa yankin Fombina (a cikin zamanin Kamaru[3] da Najeriya), yana buɗe yankin don mulkin mallaka na Fulani[4]. Sakamakon yaƙin da Adama ke yi kullum, Fulani a yau su ne kabilu mafi yawa a Arewacin Kamaru (a cikin sama da kashi 60% na duk yankin, wanda idan aka yi la’akari da cewa ba su fito daga yankin ba, abin birgewa ne), kuma musulunci[5] shi ne mafi rinjayen addini. Yaƙe-yaƙe kuma sun tilastawa mutane da yawa hijira[6] zuwa kudu yankin gandun daji.
Adama ya yi karatu a ƙasar Hausa kuma ya sami Laƙabin "Modibbo" (Wasiku Na Daya) don karatun sa. Bayan ya kammala karatun sa, ya koma gida Gurin kuma ya sami labarin jihadin da fasihin bafulatani Shehu Usman dan Fodio[7] ya ayyana. Lokacin da ya raka wata tawaga domin kaiwa Shehu Usman ziyara, sai shugaban ya umarci Adama da ya fadada jihadi ta gabas a matsayin "Lamido Fombina" (Sarkin Kudu).
Adama ya tara dakaru kuma ya afkawa matsugunan Bata kusa da Gurin. Ya ƙwace ƙauyuka, kuma da yawan shugabannin gargajiya na Fulbe da sabbin sojoji sun zo gefen sa. Daga baya ya ɗauki Mandara, mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun tsari a yankin. Ya mamaye wasu ƙananan ƙauyuka kuma daga ƙarshe ya ci babban birnin Mandara, Dulo, cikin sauƙi. Yayin da mutanensa ke murna, sojojin Mandara sun yi wa garin dirar mikiya tare da ƙwato garin.
Duk da cewa ya ƙara yaƙin neman zyabe, amma a yanzu Adama ya kwashe tsawon lokacinsa a Yola[8], wanda ya zama babban birnin sa. Ya fara shirin ƙirƙirar tsarin mulkin sabuwar jiharsa, wacce ya sanya mata suna Adamawa[9] da kansa. Adama ya mulki daular, wanda ke karkashin Shehu Usman dan Fodio kawai a Sakkwato[10]. A ƙasansa akwai shugabannin manyan ƙauyuka, da aka sani da lamibe (mufuradi: lamido). Ƙauyen ya kafa ƙaramar ƙungiyar gwamnati.
Bayan rasuwar Adama a shekarar alif ɗari takwas da arba'in da bakwai (1847), dansa Muhammadu Lawal ya zama Lamidon Adamawa. Masarautar ba za ta dawwama ba, duk da haka, yayin da yaƙe-yaƙe da mulkin mallaka suka lalata ƙasar Fulani mai cin gashin kanta. Yaƙin ya sami tasirin dogon lokaci, koda yake. Fulani sun zama manyan kabilu a yankin, kuma Musulunci shine babban addini. Makiyayan sun chanza filin don ya fi dacewa da kiwon shanu, abin da suke nema na farko.Jihadin ya kuma tura mutanen da ke zaune a Fadar Adamawa ta kudu zuwa cikin daji, abu mafi muhimmanci da ya shafi mutanen Kudancin Kamaru.