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Cross River
Jiha ce a Najeriya / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jihar Cross River, Jiha ce dake yankin kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta, ne daga Kogin Cross River, wacce aka samar daga tsohuwar Yankin Gabashin Najeriya a ranar 27 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1967. Babban birnin jihar shi ne Calabar, kuma ta hada iyaka da Jihar Benue daga arewa, daga yamma da jihohin Ebonyi da Abiya, daga kudu maso yamma da Jihar Akwa Ibom, yayinda iyakokinta na gabas suka hada iyaka da kasar Kamaru.[1] A da an fi saninta da suna Jihar Kudu maso Gabas kafin a canza mata suna a shekarar 1987, Jihar Cross River a da ta hada da yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau, wacce ta zamo jiha mai zaman kanta a shekara ta 1987.[2]
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Cross River State (en) | |||||
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Suna saboda | Kogin Cross River (Najeriya) | ||||
Wuri | |||||
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Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Najeriya | ||||
Babban birni | Calabar | ||||
Yawan mutane | |||||
Faɗi | 3,866,269 (2016) | ||||
• Yawan mutane | 191.82 mazaunan/km² | ||||
Harshen gwamnati | Turanci | ||||
Labarin ƙasa | |||||
Yawan fili | 20,156 km² | ||||
Sun raba iyaka da | |||||
Bayanan tarihi | |||||
Mabiyi |
South Eastern State (en) ![]() | ||||
Ƙirƙira | 3 ga Faburairu, 1976 | ||||
Tsarin Siyasa | |||||
Majalisar zartarwa |
Executive Council of Cross River State (en) ![]() | ||||
Gangar majalisa |
Cross River State House of Assembly (en) ![]() | ||||
Bayanan Tuntuɓa | |||||
Lambar aika saƙo | 540001 | ||||
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | |||||
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho | +234 | ||||
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2 | NG-CR | ||||
Wasu abun | |||||
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Yanar gizo | crossriverstate.gov.ng |
![Thumb image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/A_village_in_Cross_River_State.jpg/640px-A_village_in_Cross_River_State.jpg)
![Thumb image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Eastern_Boki_Market%2C_Wula%2C_Cross_River_State.jpg/640px-Eastern_Boki_Market%2C_Wula%2C_Cross_River_State.jpg)
Acikin, Jerin jihohi 36 dake Nijeriya, Jihar Akwai Ibom itace ta goma sha tara a fadin kasa, kuma itace ta ashirin da bakwai a yawan jama'a a Najeriya tare da kiyasi na kimanin mutum miliyan 3.8 bisa shekara ta 2016.[3] Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Guinean forest–savanna mosaic daga kuryar arewacin jihar da kuma Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests a daukakin yankunan cikin Jihar. Kananun yankunan jihar sun hada da Central African mangroves daga gafen teku na kurya kudancin jihar a matsayin sashin montane Cameroonian Highlands forests daga karshen yankin arewa maso arewa maso gabas. Wani muhimmin al'amari na yanayin kasar jihar itace Kogin Cross River, wacce ta raba cikin garin Cross River biyu kafin ta samar da iyakar yammacin jihar, yayinda take fada wa cikin gabar kogin Cross Riiver. Sauran muhimman ruwayen yankin sune Kogin Calaba da kuma Kogin Great Kwa wanda suke gudana daga cikin gari na yankin tsaunukan Oba kafin su hayo ta birnin Calaba kafin sannan su kwarara cikin gabar Kogin Cross River suma. Daga cikin garin kuma akwai dazukan da gwamnati ke kula da su kamarsu: Cross River National Park, Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, da kuma Mbe Mountains Community Forest. Wadannnan gandun daji suna dauke da nau'ikan dabbobi iri-irin kamar kadoji, biran gorilla da makamantansu.[4][5][6][7]
Jihar Cross River ta yau tana dauke da kabilu da dama na tsawon karni da dama; irinsu Mutanen Efik dake zaune a yankin kudancin Kogin Calabar; Mutanen Ekoi, dake kudancin cikin gari; Kabilar Akunakuna, Mutanen Boki, Mutanen Bahumono, da kuma Mutanen Yakö dake zaune a yankin tsakiyar jihar, da kuma Bekwarra, Bette, Igede, Ukelle (Kukele) dake yankin arewacin jihar. Jihar Cross River ta yau kafin zuwan Turawan mulki mallaka ta rabu zuwa kashi daban daban yayin da wasu ke karkashin "Kungiyar Aro" su kuma kabilar Aro suka hada Akwa Akpa na (tsohuwa Calabar). Yankin kungiyar Aro ta zamo sashe na mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1884 a matsayin babban birnin yankin mulkin mallaka na Oil River, amma turawa basu gama samun cikakke iko a yankin ba sai a shekarar 1900. A wannan lokacin ne har wayau aka hade wannan yankin (wacce aka sake wa suna zuwa "Niger Coast Protectorate") acikin Yankin mulkin mallakar Turawa na Kudan in Najeriya wacce daga baya ta zamo Najeriya ta Birtaniya. Bayan an hade yankunan Kasar, mafi akasarin Jihar Cross River ta fada karkashin yankunan da suka bijirewa mulkin mallaka na turawa da kuma "rikicin mata" da kuma cinikayya ta hanyar tashar kasa da kasa dake Calabar.[8][9]
Bayan Najeriya samun 'yancin kai a 1960, mafi akasarin yankunan Jihar Cross River ta yau na daga cikin Yankin Gabashin Najeriya, har zuwa shekarar 1967, lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma jihar ta fada karkashin Yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. Kwanaki kadan bayan haka ne yankin Inyamurai na gabas suka janyo Yakin basasar Najeriya wanda aka kwashe tsawon shekaru uku ana gwabzawa, a kokarinsu na samar da kasa mai zaman kanta na Biyafara; Anyi tarzoma sosai a yankin tashar jirgin ruwa na Calabar (Operation Tiger Claw), yayi da sojojin Biyafara sukai ta kwashe asalin mutanen Cross River saboda su ba Inyamurai bane.[10] Bayan yakin basasar, bayan an hade yankin cikin Kasar Najeriya, jihar ta fada karkashin Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa shekarar 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar Cross River.[11] Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an sake raba yankin yammacin jihar inda aka ƙirƙiri sabuwa Jihar Akwa Ibom.[2] Jihar a da ta ƙunshi yanki mai arzikin man fetur na Bakassi amma daga baya an mika ta zuwa ga Kasar Kamaru a ƙarƙashin wata yarjejeniya ta Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement".
Kasancewar cewa akwai yankunan da ake noma a jihar, tattalin arzikin Jihar sun ta'allakane ta wani fannin akan noman cocoyam, roba, manja, doya, cocoa, kashuw da ayabar plantain da kuma kamun kifi. Sauran muhimman harkoki sun hada da yawon bude idanu a yankunan tarihi, bikin Calabar Carnival, wurin shakwatawa na tsibiri Obudu. Jihar Cross River na da itace ta goma sha uku acikin Jerin Jihohi Najeriya dangane da Ma'aunin Cigaban Jama'a sannan akwai ma yan makarantu na gaba da sakandare a jihar.[12]
Jiha nada yawan filin kasa kimanin kilomita araba’i 20,156 da yawan jama’a milyan uku da dubu dari bakwai da talatin da bakwai da dari biyar da sha bakwai (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2006). Babban birnin jahar ita ce Calabar. Benedict Ayade shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne Ivara Esu. Dattijan jihar sun hada da: Gershom Bassey, Rose Okoji Oko da John Enoh.[13]