A proteína supervivencia de motoneurona 2, centromérica abreviada como SMN2 é unha proteína que nos humanos está codificada polo xene SMN2 do cromosoma 5.[1][2]
O xene está situado no cromosoma 5 e ten unha variante telomérica chamada SMN1, e unha variante centromérica, que é o SMN2. Nótese que non están no centrómero e no telómero, senón na metade en dirección ao telómero e na metade en dirección ao centrómero dunha rexión con duplicacións invertidas de organización complexa do cromosoma 5, onde se atopan ditos xenes. As copias teloméricas (SMN1) e centroméricas (SMN2) deste xene son case idénticas (diferéncianse nun nucleótido no exón 7) e codifican a mesma proteína, pero mentres que as mutacións na variante telomérica están asociadas coa atrofia muscular espiñal, as da variante centromérica non. O exón 7 crese que é un amplificador de splicing do exón. Os nove exóns presentes neste xene, tanto na copia telomérica coma na centromérica designáronse historicamente como exón 1, 2a, 2b, e 3-8. Ambos os xenes poden estar implicados en conversións xénicas, o que fai que varíe o número de copias de cada xene.[2]
A proteína codificada polo xene encóntrase no núcleo e no citoplasma. No núcleo está asociado aos corpos subnucleares chamados GEMS, que están próximos aos corpos de Cajal, e conteñen snRNPs. Asóciase formando complexos con diversas proteínas como SIP1, GEMIN4, e a proteína hnRNP U e outras. Describíronse catro variantes de transcrición que dan lugar a distintas isoformas.[2]
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Bibliografía
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