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famille de langues De Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre
Les langues bénoué-congolaises sont une branche de la famille de langues nigéro-congolaises. Elles sont parlées par 550 millions de locuteurs en Afrique du Sud, en Angola, au Botswana, au Burundi, au Cameroun, en Centrafrique, en République du Congo, en République démocratique du Congo, aux Comores, au Gabon, en Guinée équatoriale, au Kenya, au Lesotho, au Malawi, au Mozambique, en Namibie, au Nigeria, en Ouganda, au Rwanda, en Somalie, en Eswatini, en Tanzanie, en Zambie et au Zimbabwe[1].
Langues bénoué-congolaises | |
Pays | Afrique du Sud, Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroun, Centrafrique, République du Congo, République démocratique du Congo, Comores, Gabon, Guinée équatoriale, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibie, Nigeria, Ouganda, Rwanda, Somalie, Eswatini, Tanzanie, Zambie, Zimbabwe |
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Région | Afrique centrale, Afrique australe |
Classification par famille | |
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Codes de langue | |
Glottolog | benu1247
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modifier ![]() |
Elles contiennent notamment les langues bantoues (dont le swahili). Cette branche regroupe 938 langues connues (sans compter les dialectes)[1].
langues bénoué‑congolaises |
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Le proto-bénoué-congo peut être reconstitué. Le tableau présente son lexique selon de Wolf (1971)[2],[1]:
français | anglais (de Wolf) | classe (proto-bénoué-congo) | racine (proto-bénoué-congo) |
---|---|---|---|
Dieu | God | *ù/*ba | *-base |
abeille | bee | *ì/*í | *-gwodi |
aile | wing | *li/*a | *-babaŋ |
aile | wing | *li/*a | *-pabaŋ |
aisselle | armpit | *ku/*a | *-kpakpapa |
ami | friend | *ù/*ba | *-tiende |
animal, viande | animal / meat | *ì/*í | *-nama |
année | year | *li/*a | *-zag |
arachide | groundnut | *ì SC | *-piri (~) |
arbre | tree | *ka/*ti | *-kwon |
arbre | tree | *ú/*ti | *-titi |
arc | bow | *bu/*a | *-tas |
bile | gall | *ma SC | *-zili |
bière | beer | *ma SC | *-kiam |
bois à brûler | firewood | *ki/*bi | *-mwene |
bois à brûler | firewood | *bu/*í | *-kwoni |
bois à brûler | firewood | *ì SC | *-tukot |
bouch, lèvre | mouth / lip | *ú/*ti | *-nuŋa |
branche | branch | *ú/*ti | *-tabi |
bras, main | arm / hand | *ku/*a | *-boko |
buffle | buffalo | *ì/*í | *-zati |
buffle | buffalo | *ì/*í | *-poŋ |
bâton, fouet | stick / whip | *bu/*a | *-ti |
bâton, fouet | stick / whip | *ú/*ti | *-taŋga |
cadavre | corpse | *li/*a | *-comon |
calebasse | calabash | *li/*a | *-kono |
calebasse | calabash | *ki/*a | *-tema |
calebasse | calabash | *ki/*a | *-gbede |
calebasse | calabash | *ka/*í | *-do |
cerveau / intelligence | brains | *ma SC | *-podo |
champignon | mushroom | *bu/*a | *-gbub (~) |
charbon | charcoal | *li/*a | *-kalaŋ |
charbon | charcoal | *ì/*í | *-bide |
charbon | charcoal | *li SC | *-tiadana |
chat | cat | *ì/*í | *-kpandema |
chef | chief | *ù/*ba | *-kwomo |
chef | chief | *ù/*ba | *-tudo |
chemin, route | path / road | *ì/*í | *-toku |
chemin, route | path / road | *ú/*ti | *-zena |
chemin, route | path / road | *ú/*í | *-gbenda |
cheveu / poil | hair | *ú/*ti | *-titi |
cheveu / poil | hair | *ú/*í | *-godo |
chose | thing | *ku/*a | *-kiaŋ |
chose | thing | *ki/*bi | *-goma |
chèvre | goat | *ì/*í | *-bwoni |
chèvre | goat | *ì/*í | *-kpeba |
chèvre | goat | *ì/*í | *-gbale |
cœur | heart | *li/*a | *-temu |
corne, défense | horn / tusk | *li/*a | *-tano |
corps | body | *li/*a | *-bekot |
corps | body | *li SC | *-zudu |
cou, nuque | neck / nape | *ki/*bi | *-melu |
cou, nuque | neck / nape | *ki/*bi | *-toto |
coussin de portage | headpad | *li/*a | *-kata |
couteau | knife | *lu*í | *-pi |
crabe | crab | *ku/*í | *-kala |
crocodile | crocodile | *ì/*í | *-wame |
crocodile | crocodile | *ì/*í | *-zibu |
crocodile | crocodile | *ì/*í | *-kute |
cuir, écorce, peau | hide / bark / skin | *ki/*bi | *-pu (~) |
cuisse | thigh | *ku/*a | *-nama |
cuisse, jambe, pied | thigh / leg / foot | *ku/*a | *-tak |
dent | tooth | *li/*a | *-nini |
dent | tooth | *li/*a | *-nino |
dent | tooth | *li/*a | *-sana |
dent | tooth | *li/*a | *-gaŋgo (~) |
dos | back | *ì/*í | *-duma |
dos | back | *ú/*ti | *-sene |
douleur | pain / ache | *bu SC | *-dane |
eau | water | *ma SC | *-izi (~) |
eau | water | *ma SC | *-ni (~) |
enclos, ferme | compound / farm | *ku/*a | *-kwan |
enfant | child (boy, young man, youth) | *ù/*ba | *-ŋgbwana / *-bana |
esclave | slave | *ù/*ba | *-kpan |
esclave | slave | *ù/*ba | *-sam |
excréments | excrements | *a SC | *-biŋ |
faim | hunger | *ì SC | *-zana |
fantôme, Dieu, esprit | ghost / God / spirit | *ka SC | *-seli |
fardeau | load | *li/*a | *-son |
femme | woman | *ù/*ba | *-kwazi |
femme | woman (= mother ?) | *ù/*ba | *-nine |
femme | woman (= mother ?) | *ù/*ba | *-nene |
femme | woman (= mother ?) | *ù/*ba | *-nina |
feu | fire | *ku/*a | *-zwuŋi |
feu | fire | *ú/*í | *-lilo (~) |
feuille | leaf | *ku/*í | *-wade |
fil, corde | cord / rope | *ú/*ti | *-duŋu |
fil, corde, liane | cord / rope / liana | *ú/*í | *-digi |
flèche | arrow | *li/*a | *-bano |
forêt, savane | forest, bush | *li/*a | *-kodi |
forêt, savane | forest / bush | *ku/*a | *-kit (~) |
forêt, savane | forest / bush | *ki/*bi | *-gbek |
forêt, savane | forest / bush | *ki/*bi | *-dumo |
front | forehead | *bu/*í | *-tini |
genou | knee | *li/*a | *-duno |
genou | knee | *li/*a | *-kudu |
gorge, voix | throat, voice | *li/*a | *-mado |
gorge, voix | throat / voice | *ì/*í | *-toŋo |
gorge, voix | throat / voice | *ki/*bi | *-zosi |
gorge, voix | throat / voice | *ú/*í | *-kodoŋ |
gras, graisse, huile | fat, grease, oil | *ma SC | *-kud |
gras, graisse, huile | fat, grease, oil | *ma SC | *-nai |
grenouille, crapaud | frog / toad | *ì/*í | *-boto |
guerre, bagarre | war, quarrel | *li/*a | *-kondu |
guerre, bagarre | war / quarrel | *bi SC | *-ta |
guérisseur | medicine man | *ù/*ba | *-bok |
homme | man | *ù/*ba | *-lume |
houe | hoe | *ú/*í | *-gbadi |
huile, huile de palme | oil / palm oil | *ma SC | *-nawi |
igname | yam | *ì/*í | *-kod |
invité | guest | *ù/*ba | *-kena |
jambe, pied | leg / foot | *ku/*a | *-kudu |
jambe, pied | leg / foot | *ku/*a | *-kpel (~) |
jambe, pied | leg / foot | *ku/*í | *-bona |
joue | cheek | *li/*a | *-tama |
joue | cheek | *ku/*a | *-kweŋge |
jour | day | *li/*a | *-tien |
jour | day | *li SC | *-tiane |
jumeau | twin | *li/*a | *-pata |
lait | milk | *ma SC | *-mino |
lance | spear | *li/*a | *-kwoŋga |
langue | tongue | *li/*a | *-lemi |
langue | tongue | *li/*a | *-lake |
larmes | tears | *ma SC | *-zini |
lourd | heavy | *li SC | *-tik |
léopard | leopard | *ì/*í | *-kpoŋi |
lézard | lizard | *ì/*í | *-gondol |
lézard | lizard | *ki/*bi | *-pame |
maison | house | *ì/*í | *-ntabu |
maison | house | *ì/*í | *-zu |
maison | house | *ku/*í | *-tumba |
menton | chin | *li/*a | *-leku |
miel | honey | *li SC | *-toŋi |
mois, lune | month / moon | *ku/*í | *-pele |
mois, lune | month / moon | *ú/*í | *-kondi |
montagne | mountain | *ki/*bi | *-kwol |
montagne | mountain | *ú/*í | *-bal |
mortier | mortar | *ú/*ti | *-dudo |
mouche | fly | *ì/*í | *-zin |
moustique | mosquito | *ì/*í | *-munan (~) |
mouton | sheep | *ì/*í | *-gun.. (~) |
mouton | sheep | *bu/*í | *-tiaŋe |
mâchoire | jaw | *ku/*í | *-baŋga |
mère | mother | *ù/*ba | *-nina |
mère | mother (probably with Ø-prefix) | *ù/*ba | *-mama |
mère (ta ~) | mother (your ~) | *ù/*ba | *-noko |
médicament | medicine | *bu/*a | *-kal |
natte | mat | *ku/*a | *-putu |
natte | mat | *ki/*bi | *-kpaŋga |
nez | nose | *li/*a | *-zua |
noir | black | *ki/*bi | *-zida |
nom | name | *li/*a | *-zina |
nombril | navel | *li/*a | *-kwop (~) |
nuit, jour | night / day | *bu/*í | *-tuno |
œil | eye | *li/*a | *-lito |
œuf | egg | *li/*a | *-kiŋ |
œuf | egg | *li/*a | *-tiŋ |
ongle | nail | *ki/*bi | *-kiada (~) |
oreille | ear | *ku/*a | *-tuŋi |
os | bone | *ki/*bi | *-kupe |
palmier | palm-tree | *bu/*a | *-tende |
palmier | palm-tree | *bu/*a | *-pide |
palmier | palm-tree | *bu/*í | *-bonu |
partie, morceau | part / piece | *ki/*bi | *-tun |
personne | person | *ù/*ba | *-neto |
peur | fear | *bu SC | *-bogo |
pilon | pestle | *ú/*í | *-todi |
pintade | guineafowl | *ì/*í | *-kaŋga |
pintade | guineafowl | *ì/*í | *-ziŋin |
pirogue, bateau | canoe / boat | *ku/*a | *-kpaŋe |
pirogue, bateau | canoe / boat | *bu/*í | *-atumu |
pluie, saison des pluies | rain / rainy season | *li SC | *-bakoli |
pluie, temps pluvieux | rain / rainy weather | *ú/*í | *-mbaŋ |
poisson | fish | *ì/*í | *-sidi |
poisson | fish | *ì/*í | *-kote |
porc | pig | *ì/*í | *-kumba |
poumon | lung | *li/*a | *-pupu |
poussière, terre, boue | dust / earth / mud | *ka SC | *-bubu |
père | father | *ù/*ba | *-itu |
père | father (probably with Ø-prefix) | *ù/*ba | *-tata |
queue | tail | *ku/*a | *-zum |
queue | tail | *ú/*í | *-kila |
queue | tail | *ú/*í | *-tiad |
racine | root | *li/*a | *-nan |
rivière | river | *ú/*í | *-tiana |
rocher, pierre | rock, stone | *li/*a | *-tadi |
rocher, pierre | rock, stone | *li/*a | *-pandi |
rocher, pierre | rock / stone | *bu/*a | *-kwaata |
rosée | dew | *ma SC | *-miŋ |
rosée | dew | *a SC | *-bude |
salive | saliva | *ma SC | *-(n)tati |
sang | blood | *ma SC | *-zi |
sang | blood | *ma SC | *-luŋ |
sauterelle | grasshopper | *ki/*bi | *-tadek |
sauterelle | grasshopper | *ka/*í | *-kiuku |
scorpion | scorpion | *ì/*í | *-nan |
scorpion | scorpion | *ì/*í | *-get |
sein | breast | *li/*a | *-bani |
sel | salt | *bu/*í | *-nunu |
sel | salt | *ma SC | *-mu |
serpent | snake | *ì/*í | *-noko |
serpent | snake | *ú/*í | *-kpi |
singe | monkey | *ì/*í | *-bogu |
singe | monkey | *ka/*í | *-kama |
soleil | sun | *li/*a | *-zuba |
soleil | sun | *lu*í | *-z(wa)ma |
sorcellerie | witchcraft | *bu SC | *-tieŋu |
sorcière | witch | *ù/*ba | *-tieŋu |
tambour | drum | *ì/*í | *-kama |
tambour | drum | *ì/*í | *-bina |
temps | time | *ì SC | *-tani |
terre, sol | earth / ground | *ì SC | *-tie |
tortue | tortoise | *ì/*í | *-kulu |
travail | work | *ku/*í | *-tomo |
trou, puits | hole / pit | *li/*a | *-bonV (~) |
tête | head | *li/*a | *-to |
vache | cow | *ì/*í | *-nak |
vent | wind | *bu/*í | *-pepod |
ventre | belly | *li/*a | *-bumu |
ventre | belly | *li/*a | *-mani |
vie | life | *bu SC | *-guma |
vin de palme | palm wine | *ma SC | *-tuk |
visage, front | face / forehead | *bu/*a | *-su |
volaille, poule | fowl / chicken | *ì/*í | *-nkuba |
volaille, poule | fowl / chicken | *ì/*í | *-nono |
voleur | thief | *ù/*ba | *-zibudi |
voleur | thief | *ù/*ba | *-taŋ |
travail | work | *ú/*í | *-pone |
écorce, enveloppe, peau | bark / husk / skin | *ki/*bi | *-kpaga |
éléphant | elephant | *ì/*í | *-ni |
éléphant | elephant | *ì/*í | *-zon(om) |
épaule | shoulder | *ku/*a | *-peŋga |
épine | thorn | *ú/*ti | *-zibo |
épouse | wife | *ù/*ba | *-nianin |
étang, mare, lac | pond / pool / lake | *ki/*bi | *-zugi |
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