Haren ezaugarri nagusiak bokal harmonia eta aglutinazioa dira. Esaldietako oinarrizko ordena subjektua-objektua-aditza da. Ez du izen klaserik ez eta genero gramatikalik ere. Tratamenduaren erabilera garrantzitsua da, batez ere ohorezkoa. Bigarren pertsonakoizenordainak erabiltzen dira gizalege mailak, urruntze soziala, adina edo senidetasuna adierazteko.
Turkiar hizkuntzen%40 inguruk turkiera hitz egiten dute. Haien guztien ezaugarri nagusiak bokal harmonia, aglutinazioa eta genero gramatikalik eza da. Guztira, 30 hizkuntza bizik osatzen dute taldea eta Europako ekialdean, Asiako erdialdean eta Siberian hitz egiten dira.
Turkiar hizkuntzen baitan, turkiera oghuz hizkuntzen azpimultzokoa da. Elkarrekiko ulermen maila handia dute turkieraren eta gainera oghuz hizkuntzen artean (azerbaijanera, turkmenera, qashqaiera, gagauzera).
Otomandar inperioaren garaian, turkiera alfabeto pertso-arabiarraz idazten zen. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk agintera iritsi eta errepublika ezarri zuenetik, 1923an, alfabetoaren erreforma lehenetasunetako bat izan zen eta 1928ko azaroaren 1ean ezarri zen alfabeto latindarraren bertsio turkiarra, zenbait zeinu diakritiko dituena[3].
A / a (euskaraz bezala).
B / b
C / c Italierazko giro edo ingelesezko George bezala.
Ç / ç Euskarazko tx bezala
D / d
E / e .
F / f
G / g
Ğ / ğ Ez da ahoskatzen: aurreko bokala luzatzen du.
H / h Behe-nafarrerazko hor bezala.
I / ı (punturik gabeak) "i"ren antzekoa baina mihia atzealdera eramanik.
İ / i (biak ere puntudunak) Euskaraz bezala.
J / j Frantsesezko janvier edo katalanezko Jordi bezala.
K / k
L / l
M / m
N / n
O / o
Ö / ö Frantsesezko feu edo alemanezko Köhler izenetan bezala.
P / p
R / r Euskarazko ere bezala.
S / s Euskarazko zu bezala.
Ş / ş Xabier bezala.
T / t
U / u
Ü / ü Zubererazko ü, dügü aditzean bezala.
V v Frantsesezko vie izenean bezala.
W / w Bakarrik atzerriko hitzetan.
X / x Bakarrik atzerriko hitzetan; bestela, "ks" idazten da. Adibidez: taksi (taxia), Meksika (Mexiko).
Y / y Euskarazko iaio adjektiboan bezala.
Z / z Zubererazko deusik edo frantsesezko zéro bezala.
Sakontzeko, irakurri: «Turkierazko oinarrizko hiztegia»
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