力む

Japanese

Kanji in this term
力
りき Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spellings
勉む 努む

Etymology

From 力 (riki, “power, strength”) +‎ む (-mu, verb forming suffix).^[1][2]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) りきむ [rìkíꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲikʲimɯ̟]

Verb

力(りき)む • (rikimu) transitive godan (stem 力(りき)み (rikimi), past 力(りき)んだ (rikinda))

1. strain oneself, make strenuous efforts
2. put up a strong front, make a strong showing

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	力ま	りきま	rikima
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	力み	りきみ	rikimi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	力む	りきむ	rikimu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	力む	りきむ	rikimu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	力め	りきめ	rikime
Meireikei ("imperative")	力め	りきめ	rikime
Key constructions
Passive	力まれる	りきまれる	rikimareru
Causative	力ませる 力ます	りきませる りきます	rikimaseru rikimasu
Potential	力める	りきめる	rikimeru
Volitional	力もう	りきもう	rikimō
Negative	力まない	りきまない	rikimanai
Negative continuative	力まず	りきまず	rikimazu
Formal	力みます	りきみます	rikimimasu
Perfective	力んだ	りきんだ	rikinda
Conjunctive	力んで	りきんで	rikinde
Hypothetical conditional	力めば	りきめば	rikimeba

Conjugation of "力む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

References

1. “力”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
2. “力む”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN