ψιλός
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ψηλός
Etymology
Of unknown origin; possibly related to ψάω (psáō, “to rub, wipe”), and thus of Pre-Greek origin, though the morphology remains unclear if indeed related.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /psiː.lós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /psiˈlos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /psiˈlos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /psiˈlos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /psiˈlos/
Adjective
ψῑλός • (psīlós) m (feminine ψῑλή, neuter ψῑλόν); first/second declension
- naked, bare
- bald, smooth
- unclad, uncovered
- small, frail, delicate
- simple, plain
- (military) light (troops)
- unarmed
- (of words) without meter (i.e. prose)
- (poetry) without music (epic vs lyrical)
- (music) without singing (instrumentals)
- (singing) without accompaniment (a cappella)
- (phonology) without the rough breathing (i.e. with the smooth breathing)
- (phonology) describing the unaspirated voiceless stops, π (p), τ (t), κ (k), as opposed to the aspirated voiceless stops, φ (ph), χ (kh), θ (th)
- (orthography, of the sounds /e/ and /y/) written with the single letters ⟨ε⟩ and ⟨υ⟩ rather than the digraphs ⟨αι⟩ and ⟨οι⟩
Declension
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | ψῑλός psīlós |
ψῑλή psīlḗ |
ψῑλόν psīlón |
ψῑλώ psīlṓ |
ψῑλᾱ́ psīlā́ |
ψῑλώ psīlṓ |
ψῑλοί psīloí |
ψῑλαί psīlaí |
ψῑλᾰ́ psīlắ | |||||
| Genitive | ψῑλοῦ psīloû |
ψῑλῆς psīlês |
ψῑλοῦ psīloû |
ψῑλοῖν psīloîn |
ψῑλαῖν psīlaîn |
ψῑλοῖν psīloîn |
ψῑλῶν psīlôn |
ψῑλῶν psīlôn |
ψῑλῶν psīlôn | |||||
| Dative | ψῑλῷ psīlôi |
ψῑλῇ psīlêi |
ψῑλῷ psīlôi |
ψῑλοῖν psīloîn |
ψῑλαῖν psīlaîn |
ψῑλοῖν psīloîn |
ψῑλοῖς psīloîs |
ψῑλαῖς psīlaîs |
ψῑλοῖς psīloîs | |||||
| Accusative | ψῑλόν psīlón |
ψῑλήν psīlḗn |
ψῑλόν psīlón |
ψῑλώ psīlṓ |
ψῑλᾱ́ psīlā́ |
ψῑλώ psīlṓ |
ψῑλούς psīloús |
ψῑλᾱ́ς psīlā́s |
ψῑλᾰ́ psīlắ | |||||
| Vocative | ψῑλέ psīlé |
ψῑλή psīlḗ |
ψῑλόν psīlón |
ψῑλώ psīlṓ |
ψῑλᾱ́ psīlā́ |
ψῑλώ psīlṓ |
ψῑλοί psīloí |
ψῑλαί psīlaí |
ψῑλᾰ́ psīlắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| ψῑλῶς psīlôs |
ψῑλότερος psīlóteros |
ψῑλότᾰτος psīlótătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “hairless, without rough breathing, unaspirated”): δασύς (dasús)
Derived terms
- ἒ ψῑλόν (è psīlón)
- ὖ ψῑλόν (û psīlón)
- ψιλογραφέω (psilographéō)
- ψῑλὸν πνεῦμα (psīlòn pneûma)
- ψῑλότης (psīlótēs)
- ψῑλόω (psīlóō)
- ψῑ́λωσῐς (psī́lōsĭs)
- ψῑλωτέον (psīlōtéon)
- ψῑλωτής (psīlōtḗs)
- ψῑλωτῐκός (psīlōtĭkós)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ψῑλός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1668-1669
Further reading
- “ψῑλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ψιλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ψιλός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ψιλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ψιλός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bald idem, page 60.
- bare idem, page 62.
- barren idem, page 63.
- blank idem, page 81.
- clear idem, page 136.
- defenceless idem, page 204.
- denude idem, page 211.
- divest idem, page 243.
- hairless idem, page 381.
- leafless idem, page 482.
- light-armed idem, page 490.
- mere idem, page 525.
- naked idem, page 550.
- open idem, page 574.
- pure idem, page 658.
- treeless idem, page 893.
- unaccompanied idem, page 906.
- unarmed idem, page 907.
- unsubstantiated idem, page 933.
- unsupported idem, page 933.
- “ψιλός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
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