κάλυξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps related to καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), despite the difference in the final consonant. The expected form would be *κάλυψ (*kálups). Ultimately probably from Pre-Greek, perhaps related to Sumerian 𒃲(GAL).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ká.lyks/ → /ˈka.lyks/ → /ˈka.liks/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ká.lyks/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.lyks/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈka.liks/

Noun

κᾰ́λῠξ • (kắlŭx) f or m (genitive κᾰ́λῠκος); third declension

1. A covering of a flower or fruit: calyx, husk, shell, pod
2. (in the plural, epic) Some kind of woman's ornament
3. The alkanet (Anchusa tinctoria, now Alkanna matthioli)

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ ho, hē kắlŭx	τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε tṑ kắlŭke	οἱ, αἱ κᾰ́λῠκες hoi, hai kắlŭkes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος toû, tês kắlŭkos	τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν toîn kălŭ́koin	τῶν κᾰλῠ́κων tôn kălŭ́kōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ κᾰ́λῠκῐ tôi, têi kắlŭkĭ	τοῖν κᾰλῠ́κοιν toîn kălŭ́koin	τοῖς, ταῖς κᾰ́λῠξῐ / κᾰ́λῠξῐν toîs, taîs kắlŭxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν κᾰ́λῠκᾰ tòn, tḕn kắlŭkă	τὼ κᾰ́λῠκε tṑ kắlŭke	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς κᾰ́λῠκᾰς toùs, tā̀s kắlŭkăs
Vocative	κᾰ́λῠξ kắlŭx	κᾰ́λῠκε kắlŭke	κᾰ́λῠκες kắlŭkes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ κᾰ́λῠξ; τοῦ, τῆς κᾰ́λῠκος (Attic)

Synonyms

• (Alkanet): ἄγχουσα (ánkhousa)

Descendants

• Greek: κάλυκας (kálykas)
• → Latin: calyx
  • → English: calyx
  • → Galician: cáliz
  • → Portuguese: cálice
  • → Spanish: cáliz

References

• “κάλυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κάλυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κάλυξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κάλυξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bud idem, page 102.
  • cup idem, page 189.
  • ear idem, page 258.
  • husk idem, page 412.
  • pod idem, page 622.