zināt
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Etymology
Originally the iterative-durative form of zīt (“to know”), currently dialectal or archaic, but with prefixed forms pazīt (“to be acquainted with”), atzīt (“to recognize, to acknowledge”) still in use, from Proto-Baltic *žin-tey/ti, from the zero grade *ǵn̥-tey of Proto-Indo-European root *ǵen-, *ǵnō-, *ǵneh₃- (“to be familiar with, to recognize; to know”). This stem may ultimately be the same as *ǵen-, *ǵenh₁- (“to create, to generate”). Cognates include Lithuanian žinóti, Old Prussian -sinnat [zināt] (ersinnat (“to be acquainted”), posinnat (“to admit, to recognize”)), Old Church Slavonic знати (znati), Russian знать (znatʹ), Belarusian знаць (znacʹ), Ukrainian зна́ти (znáty), Bulgarian зна́я (znája), Czech znát, Polish znać, Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan), Old Norse kunna, German können, English can, Sanskrit जानाति (jānā́ti, “to know”), Ancient Greek γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to be familiar with, to recognize”), Latin nōscere (< *gnōskere).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
zināt
zināt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present zinu, zini, zina, past zināju)
- to know (to have knowledge, to be informed, about something)
- zināt drauga adresi ― to know a friend's address
- zināt jaunā kaimiņa vārdu ― to know the new neighbor's name
- zināt jaunākos notikumus ― to know the latest events
- zināt dziesmas vārdus ― to know the song lyrics
- zināt savu darbu ― to know one's work
- nezināt neko ― to know nothing
- ja es to būtu zinājis! ― if I had known that!
- kā lai es to zinu? ― how do I know that?
- es zinu, kā tas (ir) darāms ― I know how this is to be done
- es kaut ko zinu, bet es tev neteikšu ― I know something, but I won't tell you
- to know how to do something, to be able to do something, also: to often, habitually do something
- zināt stāstīt ― to know how to tell stories
- zināt spriest ― to know how, to be able, to judge
- zināt palīdzēt ― to know how to help, to be helpful
- zināt stāvēt dīkā ― to know how to (usually) stand idle
- Annele par viņa vecumu ir apjautājusies ir šim, ir tam; bet kas to zina pateikt? ― Annele asked around (lit. to this one and that one) about his age, but who was able to tell?
- Andra māte zināja mani arvien aizstāvēt un aizbildināt ― Andris' mother knew to (= would) always defend and excuse me
- to know, to be acquainted with (someone), to be familiar with (something)
- zināt citam citu ― to know each other
- bet mums ir kopīga paziņa; jūs taču zināt Ilgu? ― but we have a common acquaintace; you do know Ilga, don't you?
- viņš zina katru Zandas kustību, katru soli ― he knows Zanda's every move, every step
- to know, to understand, to have (something) clear in one's mind
- zināt savus trūkumus ― to know one's deficiencies, weaknesses
- zināt, kā rīkoties ― to know how to behave, to act
- dari, kā zini! ― do as you know!
- zināt padomu grūtās situācijās ― to know (some) advice in (= for) a difficult situation
- viņš gluži labi zināja, kā viņš nesapņoja ― he knew quite well that he wasn't dreaming
- milzis vairs nezināja, kur likt savas lielās rokas ― the giant no longer knew where to put his big hands
- to know about, to take care of, to be responsible for
- zināt par vakariņām ― to know about (= be the one in charge of) dinner
- zināt par kārtību ― to know about (= be responsible for) the order, sequence
- Ieva ir tikai meitene, pa pusei bērns, viņš - vīrs, un viņam jāzina par abiem ― Ieva is just a girl, almost a child, he - a man, he must know about (= take care of, be responsible for) both
- (usually in the imperative) you know...
- zini, ziniet ko ― you know what? (used to attract the listener's attention to what the hearer is going to say)
- nu, (vai) zini ― well, you know (used to express one's feelings, usually negative, about what the listener has just said, or to attract the listener's attention to some, usually negative, fact)
- es vakar iepazinos ar mākslinieku... visās gleznās, zini, jūras un laivas ― yesterday I met an artist... in all (his) paintings, you know, (there are) seas and boats
- tev dusmas, ka neesi ielūgta pie Mariannas; zini, mīļā, tās viesības nav domātas zīdaiņiem ― you are angry because you were not invited to Marianna's; (but) you know, my dear, (that) party was not made for babies
- ziniet ko, padomus dodiet tiem, kas tos lūdz ― you know what? give advice (only) to those who ask for it
- nu zini, šotēv, kad tev tik slikti iet, - mainīsimies ― you know, father, when things are bad for you... let's change
Conjugation
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | zinu | zināju | zināšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | zini | zināji | zināsi | zini |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | zina | zināja | zinās | lai zina |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | zinām | zinājām | zināsim | zināsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | zināt | zinājāt | zināsiet, zināsit |
ziniet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | zina | zināja | zinās | lai zina |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | zinot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | zinošs | ||
| Past | esot zinājis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | zinādams | ||
| Future | zināšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | zinot | ||
| Imperative | lai zinot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | zinām | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | zinājis | |||
| Present | zinātu | Present Passive | zināms | ||
| Past | būtu zinājis | Past Passive | zināts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāzina | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | zināt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāzina | Negative Infinitive | nezināt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāzinot | Verbal noun | zināšana | ||
conjugation of zināt
Synonyms
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- apzināt
- izzināt
- nozināt
- pārzināt
- sazināt
- uzzināt
- other derived terms:
- zinātājs, zinātāja
- zinātne, zinātnieks, zinātniece, zinātnisks
Related terms
Verb
zināt
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “zināt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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