melken
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch melken, from Old Dutch *melkan, from Proto-West Germanic *melkan, from Proto-Germanic *melkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.
Pronunciation
Verb
melken
- (transitive) to milk a (farm) animal
- (intransitive) to play meekly, without risk, notably in duel ball sports like tennis
Conjugation
| Conjugation of melken (strong class 3b) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | melken | |||
| past singular | molk | |||
| past participle | gemolken | |||
| infinitive | melken | |||
| gerund | melken n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | melk | molk | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | melkt, melk2 | molk | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | melkt | molk | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | melkt | molkt | ||
| 3rd person singular | melkt | molk | ||
| plural | melken | molken | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | melke | molke | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | melken | molken | ||
| imperative sing. | melk | |||
| imperative plur.1 | melkt | |||
| participles | melkend | gemolken | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
| Conjugation of melken (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | melken | |||
| past singular | melkte | |||
| past participle | gemelkt | |||
| infinitive | melken | |||
| gerund | melken n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | melk | melkte | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | melkt, melk2 | melkte | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | melkt | melkte | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | melkt | melkte | ||
| 3rd person singular | melkt | melkte | ||
| plural | melken | melkten | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | melke | melkte | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | melken | melkten | ||
| imperative sing. | melk | |||
| imperative plur.1 | melkt | |||
| participles | melkend | gemelkt | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Derived terms
- afmelken
- melkapparaat
- melkbaar
- melker
- melkmachine
- ontmelken
- robotmelken
- uitmelken
Related terms
Descendants
Further reading
- “melken” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]
German
Etymology 1
From Middle High German mëlken, from Old High German melchan, from Proto-West Germanic *melkan, from Proto-Germanic *melkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.
The consonantism -lk- is regular High German. The difference between melken and Milch is due to the fact that the latter used to have a short vowel after -l- (Old High German miluh). Compare Dutch melken, English milk, Danish malke, Norwegian mjølke.
Pronunciation
Verb
melken (class 3 strong or weak, third-person singular present milkt or melkt, past tense molk or melkte, past participle gemolken or (rare) gemelkt, past subjunctive mölke or melkte, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to milk (a cow, goat etc.)
- (transitive, figuratively) to drain; to draw from (someone or something), especially without consent; to milk (someone) for money, information, etc.
Usage notes
- Melken has full sets of both strong and weak forms, both being accepted as standard. The past participle gemolken is considerably more common than gemelkt. Otherwise there is possibly a tendency to prefer the strong forms in the northern half of the German Sprachraum and the weak forms in the southern half.
Conjugation
| infinitive | melken | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | melkend | ||||
| past participle | gemolken gemelkt1 | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich melke | wir melken | i | ich melke | wir melken |
| du milkst du melkst |
ihr melkt | du melkest | ihr melket | ||
| er milkt er melkt |
sie melken | er melke | sie melken | ||
| preterite | ich molk ich melkte |
wir molken wir melkten |
ii | ich mölke2 ich melkte2 |
wir mölken2 wir melkten2 |
| du molkst du melktest |
ihr molkt ihr melktet |
du mölkest2 du mölkst2 du melktest2 |
ihr mölket2 ihr mölkt2 ihr melktet2 | ||
| er molk er melkte |
sie molken sie melkten |
er mölke2 er melkte2 |
sie mölken2 sie melkten2 | ||
| imperative | milk (du) melk (du) melke (du) |
melkt (ihr) | |||
1Rare.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
- Melker, Melkerei, Melkung
Related terms
- Melken
- abmelken, durchmelken
- Dauermelken, Mäusemelken, Weitermelken
- Melkeimer, Melkkuh, Melkmaschine, Melkschemel
Descendants
See also
Further reading
Etymology 2
Adjective
melken
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *melkan, from Proto-West Germanic *melkan, from Proto-Germanic *melkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.
Verb
melken
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | melken | |
| 3rd sg. past | malc | |
| 3rd pl. past | molken | |
| Past participle | gemolken | |
| Infinitive | melken | |
| In genitive | melkens | |
| In dative | melkene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | melke | malc |
| 2nd singular | melcs, melkes | molcs, molkes |
| 3rd singular | melct, melket | malc |
| 1st plural | melken | molken |
| 2nd plural | melct, melket | molct, molket |
| 3rd plural | melken | molken |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | melke | molke |
| 2nd singular | melcs, melkes | molkes |
| 3rd singular | melke | molke |
| 1st plural | melken | molken |
| 2nd plural | melct, melket | molket |
| 3rd plural | melken | molken |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | melc, melke | |
| Plural | melct, melket | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | melkende | gemolken |
Descendants
- Dutch: melken
- Limburgish: mèlke
Further reading
- “melken”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “melken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
Noun
melken m or f
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