krusa

See also: kruša

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krušā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *krows-. Cognate with Lithuanian krušà (“hail”), Proto-Slavic *krъxà (“lump”).

Noun

krusa f (4th declension)

1. hail

Declension

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	krusa	—
accusative (akuzatīvs)	krusu	—
genitive (ģenitīvs)	krusas	—
dative (datīvs)	krusai	—
instrumental (instrumentālis)	krusu	—
locative (lokatīvs)	krusā	—
vocative (vokatīvs)	krusa	—

Declension of krusa (4th declension)

Swedish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Swedish krusa, from Middle Low German krûsen, related with Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”). Further origin uncertain. Possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).^[1]

Related to Dutch kroes (“frizzy”), German kraus (“curly”).^[2] Also a cognate of German krausen and Norwegian Nynorsk krusa and Danish kruse.

Verb

krusa (present krusar, preterite krusade, supine krusat, imperative krusa)

1. (sometimes reflexive) to ripple

   Den lätta brisen krusade vattnet

   The soft breeze made ripples on the water

   Vattnet krusade sig

   The water rippled

2. to make (e.g. hair) wavy or curly; to wave, to curl, to frizzle, to crimp
3. (with för) to suck up (to)

Conjugation

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	krusa		krusas
Supine	krusat		krusats
Imperative	krusa		—
Imper. plural1	krusen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	krusar	krusade	krusas	krusades
Ind. plural1	krusa	krusade	krusas	krusades
Subjunctive2	kruse	krusade	kruses	krusades
	Participles
Present participle	krusande
Past participle	krusad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Conjugation of krusa (weak)

Related terms

• krus
• krusig
• krusning (“a ripple”)

See also

• våffla

References

• krusa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• krusa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• krusa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• krusa in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “kroezen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
2. “krus”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy]‎ (in Swedish), 1937