karsta

See also: karstā

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrstɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rs̠tɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrstɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): kars‧ta

Etymology 1

Possibly borrowed from Russian коро́ста (korósta).^[1] But also compare karsi and karttua; for the -st- ~ -tt- variation, compare varsta.

Noun

karsta

1. crust (dry, hard dirt, especially as developed due to burning)

   Avotulella paistinpannun ulkopuolelle kertyy karstaa.

   When a frying pan is used over open fire a crust of soot develops on its outside.

2. grime (hardened dirt, grease, soot, etc. that is difficult to remove)
3. (archaeology) The dried and hardened remains of anything on the surface of a vessel or similar.

Declension

Inflection of karsta (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		karsta	karstat
genitive		karstan	karstojen
partitive		karstaa	karstoja
illative		karstaan	karstoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		karsta	karstat
accusative	nom.	karsta	karstat
	gen.	karstan
genitive		karstan	karstojen karstain rare
partitive		karstaa	karstoja
inessive		karstassa	karstoissa
elative		karstasta	karstoista
illative		karstaan	karstoihin
adessive		karstalla	karstoilla
ablative		karstalta	karstoilta
allative		karstalle	karstoille
essive		karstana	karstoina
translative		karstaksi	karstoiksi
abessive		karstatta	karstoitta
instructive		—	karstoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of karsta (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative karstani karstani accusative nom. karstani karstani gen. karstani genitive karstani karstojeni karstaini rare partitive karstaani karstojani inessive karstassani karstoissani elative karstastani karstoistani illative karstaani karstoihini adessive karstallani karstoillani ablative karstaltani karstoiltani allative karstalleni karstoilleni essive karstanani karstoinani translative karstakseni karstoikseni abessive karstattani karstoittani instructive — — comitative — karstoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative karstasi karstasi accusative nom. karstasi karstasi gen. karstasi genitive karstasi karstojesi karstaisi rare partitive karstaasi karstojasi inessive karstassasi karstoissasi elative karstastasi karstoistasi illative karstaasi karstoihisi adessive karstallasi karstoillasi ablative karstaltasi karstoiltasi allative karstallesi karstoillesi essive karstanasi karstoinasi translative karstaksesi karstoiksesi abessive karstattasi karstoittasi instructive — — comitative — karstoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative karstamme karstamme accusative nom. karstamme karstamme gen. karstamme genitive karstamme karstojemme karstaimme rare partitive karstaamme karstojamme inessive karstassamme karstoissamme elative karstastamme karstoistamme illative karstaamme karstoihimme adessive karstallamme karstoillamme ablative karstaltamme karstoiltamme allative karstallemme karstoillemme essive karstanamme karstoinamme translative karstaksemme karstoiksemme abessive karstattamme karstoittamme instructive — — comitative — karstoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative karstanne karstanne accusative nom. karstanne karstanne gen. karstanne genitive karstanne karstojenne karstainne rare partitive karstaanne karstojanne inessive karstassanne karstoissanne elative karstastanne karstoistanne illative karstaanne karstoihinne adessive karstallanne karstoillanne ablative karstaltanne karstoiltanne allative karstallenne karstoillenne essive karstananne karstoinanne translative karstaksenne karstoiksenne abessive karstattanne karstoittanne instructive — — comitative — karstoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative karstansa karstansa accusative nom. karstansa karstansa gen. karstansa genitive karstansa karstojensa karstainsa rare partitive karstaansa karstojaan karstojansa inessive karstassaan karstassansa karstoissaan karstoissansa elative karstastaan karstastansa karstoistaan karstoistansa illative karstaansa karstoihinsa adessive karstallaan karstallansa karstoillaan karstoillansa ablative karstaltaan karstaltansa karstoiltaan karstoiltansa allative karstalleen karstallensa karstoilleen karstoillensa essive karstanaan karstanansa karstoinaan karstoinansa translative karstakseen karstaksensa karstoikseen karstoiksensa abessive karstattaan karstattansa karstoittaan karstoittansa instructive — — comitative — karstoineen karstoinensa

Derived terms

• karstaantua
• karstainen
• karstoittua

Further reading

• “1. karsta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *karsta, probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian karsti).

Noun

karsta

1. card (comb- or brush-like device or tool to raise the nap on a fabric)
2. card (hand-held tool for preparing materials for spinning)

Declension

Inflection of karsta (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		karsta	karstat
genitive		karstan	karstojen
partitive		karstaa	karstoja
illative		karstaan	karstoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		karsta	karstat
accusative	nom.	karsta	karstat
	gen.	karstan
genitive		karstan	karstojen karstain rare
partitive		karstaa	karstoja
inessive		karstassa	karstoissa
elative		karstasta	karstoista
illative		karstaan	karstoihin
adessive		karstalla	karstoilla
ablative		karstalta	karstoilta
allative		karstalle	karstoille
essive		karstana	karstoina
translative		karstaksi	karstoiksi
abessive		karstatta	karstoitta
instructive		—	karstoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of karsta (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative karstani karstani accusative nom. karstani karstani gen. karstani genitive karstani karstojeni karstaini rare partitive karstaani karstojani inessive karstassani karstoissani elative karstastani karstoistani illative karstaani karstoihini adessive karstallani karstoillani ablative karstaltani karstoiltani allative karstalleni karstoilleni essive karstanani karstoinani translative karstakseni karstoikseni abessive karstattani karstoittani instructive — — comitative — karstoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative karstasi karstasi accusative nom. karstasi karstasi gen. karstasi genitive karstasi karstojesi karstaisi rare partitive karstaasi karstojasi inessive karstassasi karstoissasi elative karstastasi karstoistasi illative karstaasi karstoihisi adessive karstallasi karstoillasi ablative karstaltasi karstoiltasi allative karstallesi karstoillesi essive karstanasi karstoinasi translative karstaksesi karstoiksesi abessive karstattasi karstoittasi instructive — — comitative — karstoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative karstamme karstamme accusative nom. karstamme karstamme gen. karstamme genitive karstamme karstojemme karstaimme rare partitive karstaamme karstojamme inessive karstassamme karstoissamme elative karstastamme karstoistamme illative karstaamme karstoihimme adessive karstallamme karstoillamme ablative karstaltamme karstoiltamme allative karstallemme karstoillemme essive karstanamme karstoinamme translative karstaksemme karstoiksemme abessive karstattamme karstoittamme instructive — — comitative — karstoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative karstanne karstanne accusative nom. karstanne karstanne gen. karstanne genitive karstanne karstojenne karstainne rare partitive karstaanne karstojanne inessive karstassanne karstoissanne elative karstastanne karstoistanne illative karstaanne karstoihinne adessive karstallanne karstoillanne ablative karstaltanne karstoiltanne allative karstallenne karstoillenne essive karstananne karstoinanne translative karstaksenne karstoiksenne abessive karstattanne karstoittanne instructive — — comitative — karstoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative karstansa karstansa accusative nom. karstansa karstansa gen. karstansa genitive karstansa karstojensa karstainsa rare partitive karstaansa karstojaan karstojansa inessive karstassaan karstassansa karstoissaan karstoissansa elative karstastaan karstastansa karstoistaan karstoistansa illative karstaansa karstoihinsa adessive karstallaan karstallansa karstoillaan karstoillansa ablative karstaltaan karstaltansa karstoiltaan karstoiltansa allative karstalleen karstallensa karstoilleen karstoillensa essive karstanaan karstanansa karstoinaan karstoinansa translative karstakseen karstaksensa karstoikseen karstoiksensa abessive karstattaan karstattansa karstoittaan karstoittansa instructive — — comitative — karstoineen karstoinensa

Derived terms

• karstainen
• karstata

(compounds):

• karstakone
• karstalanka
• karstapuuvilla
• karstasammal
• karstavilla

Further reading

• “2. karsta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

References

1. Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

Anagrams

• kartsa, katras, tsakra

Ingrian

Etymology

Cognates include Finnish karsta (“scabies”).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrstɑ/, [ˈkɑrs̠t]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrstɑ/, [ˈkɑrʃtɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑrst, -ɑrstɑ
• Hyphenation: kars‧ta

Noun

karsta

1. scabies

   olla karssaas ― to have scabies (literally, “to be in the scabies”)

Declension

Declension of karsta (type 3/kana, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	karsta	karssat
genitive	karssan	karstoin
partitive	karstaa	karstoja
illative	karstaa	karstoi
inessive	karssaas	karssois
elative	karssast	karssoist
allative	karssalle	karssoille
adessive	karssaal	karssoil
ablative	karssalt	karssoilt
translative	karssaks	karssoiks
essive	karstanna, karstaan	karstoinna, karstoin
exessive1)	karstant	karstoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• karstavoije

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 138

Latvian

Adjective

karsta

1. inflection of karsts:
   1. genitive singular masculine
   2. nominative singular feminine

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak.

Verb

karsta

1. to chop off

Inflection

Inflection of karsta (inflection type 21/henkta)
1st infinitive	karsta
present indic.	karzib
past indic.	karzi
	present indicative	past indicative	imperative
1st singular	karzin	karzin	—
2nd singular	karzid	karzid	karzi
3rd singular	karzib	karzi	karskaha
1st plural	karzim	karzim	karskam
2nd plural	karzit	karzit	karskat
3rd plural	karstas karziba	karziba	karskaha
sing. conneg.1	karzi	karzind	karzi
plur. conneg.	karskoi	karznugoi	karskoi
	present conditional	past conditional	potential
1st singular	karzižin	karznuižin	karznen
2nd singular	karzižid	karznuižid	karzned
3rd singular	karziži	karznuiži	karzneb
1st plural	karzižim	karznuižim	karznem
2nd plural	karzižit	karznuižit	karznet
3rd plural	karzižiba	karznuižiba	karzneba
connegative	karziži	karznuiži	karzne
non-finite forms
1st infinitive	karsta
2nd infinitive		3rd infinitive
inessive	karstes	inessive	karzmas
instructive	karsten	illative	karzmaha
participles		elative	karzmaspäi
present active	karzii	adessive	karzmal
past active	karznu	abessive	karzmat
past passive	karstud
1 In imperative: used only in the second-person singular. The plural form is used with other persons.

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “обрубать”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika